Effect of DAPA on renal histology.

<p>Representative renal histology by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of kidneys in vehicle- treated (CON) PCK (A,E) and normal SD (C,G) rats and in DAPA-treated PCK (B,F) and normal SD (D,H) rats. Scale bar is 2000 μm in A and B and 500 μm in C and D.</p

Effect of DAPA on renal cAMP content.

<p>Analysis of cAMP concentration per mg protein in PCK rat kidneys treated with vehicle (CON) or dapagliflozin (DAPA). N = 8 per group. Columns represent means ± SE. ns = non-significant.</p

Effect of DAPA on renal function in normal SD rats.

<p>Data are expressed as means ± SE. CON, vehicle control; DAPA, dapagliflozin.</p><p>*<i>P</i><0.05</p><p>**<i>P</i><0.01</p><p>***<i>P</i><0.001 when comparing CON and DAPA at each time point. P, plasma.</p><p>Effect of DAPA on renal function in normal SD rats.</p

Effect of DAPA on albumin excretion.

<p>Urine protein analysis by SDS-PAGE from urine samples of PCK rats after 6 weeks of treatment with vehicle (CON) or dapagliflozin (DAPA). Each lane shows urine sample of a single PCK rat. Sample volumes were corrected for diuresis and amounted to 15 μl for CON and 45 μl for DAPA. Arrow shows the band for albumin. M = molecular weight marker (A). Urine albumin concentration as measured by ELISA, in mg/day (B). N = 8 per group. Columns represent means ± SE. **<i>P</i><0.01, ***<i>P</i><0.001 when comparing CON and DAPA at each time point, ns = non-significant.</p

Effect of DAPA on kidney weight and cyst index.

<p>Ratio of two kidney weights to total body weight (2KW/TBW) (A), cyst index (B) and number of cysts (C) after 6 week treatment with vehicle (CON) or DAPA in PCK rats. N = 8 per group. Columns represent means ± SE. *<i>P</i><0.05, ***<i>P</i><0.001, ns = non-significant.</p

Effect of DAPA on kidney volume and cystic index.

<p>Typical 2D transverse power Doppler ultrasound images of a kidney in CON- and DAPA-treated PCK rats. The red areas represent a power Doppler signal consistent with blood flow within the renal vasculature. The maximum scan distance between cranial and caudal poles of the kidney was 28 mm. The slice thickness between scanning planes was 0.072 mm with a maximum of 500 slices (A, B). Change in kidney volume (C), cyst volume (D), cystic index (E) and number of cysts (F) in PCK rats. N = 6 rats or 12 kidneys per group. Columns represent means ± SE. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01, ns = non-significant.</p

Effect of DAPA on renal function in PCK rats.

<p>Data are expressed as means ± SE. CON, vehicle control; DAPA, dapagliflozin.</p><p>*<i>P</i><0.05</p><p>**<i>P</i><0.01, when comparing CON and DAPA at each time point. P, plasma.</p><p>Effect of DAPA on renal function in PCK rats.</p

Effect of DAPA on cell proliferation in PCK rat kidneys.

<p>Morphometric analysis using Ki67, a proliferation marker in kidney medulla of vehicle (CON)- and DAPA-treated PCK rats. Data are expressed as means ± SE.</p><p>Effect of DAPA on cell proliferation in PCK rat kidneys.</p

Effect of DAPA on body weight, fluid balance and electrolytes in PCK rats.

<p>Data are expressed as means ± SE. CON, vehicle control; DAPA, dapagliflozin.</p><p>*<i>P</i><0.05</p><p>**<i>P</i><0.01</p><p>***<i>P</i><0.001, when comparing DAPA and CON at each time point. P, plasma; U, urine.</p><p>Effect of DAPA on body weight, fluid balance and electrolytes in PCK rats.</p

Effect of DAPA on cell proliferation.

<p>Representative areas of Ki67 immunohistochemical staining in PCK rat kidneys are shown. Nuclei of Ki67-positive cells were stained brown with 3,3’-diaminobenzidine and that of Ki67-negative cells appeared blue because of the counterstaining with hematoxylin. CON (cystic area) (A), DAPA (cystic area) (B), CON (non-cystic area) (C), DAPA (non-cystic area) (D). Scale bar is 200 μm in A, B, C and D.</p