Bovine Tooth Discoloration Induced by Endodontic Filling Materials for Primary Teeth

Objective. This study evaluated the discoloration potential of endodontic materials used in primary teeth. Material and Methods. Dentine-enamel blocks were prepared from 75 bovine teeth, assorted in five experimental groups (n=15). The tested materials included an MTA-based material; zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE); Vitapex; and calcium hydroxide thickened with zinc oxide (Calen + ZO). The color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer at the following intervals: prior to (T0) and after placement of the filling (T1) and after 1 week (T2), 1 month (T3), 3 months (T4), 6 months (T5), and 9 months (T6). Data were submitted to ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey’s test. Results. The time had a significant effect on the color variation (ΔE00⁎) (p<0.0001). The effect of the materials on the color variation (ΔE00⁎) was statistically significant (p=0.004). Interactions between time and materials demonstrated a significant effect on the values (ΔE00⁎) (p<0.0001). The ZOE cement showed the highest darkening effect (p=0.018). Conclusion. The MTA-based material showed the smallest discoloration during the experimental time; however, it was similar to the other materials and to the control group. Zinc oxide and eugenol showed higher discoloration

Biocompatibility evaluation and analysis of color alteration induced by endodontic materials used in primary teeth

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and discoloration potential of experimental MTA-based endodontic filling material in comparison to zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) cement, Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide, and Vitapex. In the biocompatibility assay, the materials were introduced into polyethylene tubes and implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of fifteen Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). After 15, 30 and 60 days, the animals were euthanized, the surrounding tubes and tissues were removed and processed for histopathological evaluation. The samples were analyzed for the intensity of the inflammatory response, the thickness of the fibrous capsule, presence of calcification and giant cells. For the analysis of discoloration potential, seventy-five cuboidal enamel-dentin blocks were filled with different endodontic filling materials and sealed with photoactivated glass ionomer cement. Standardized color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade, Vita-Zahnfabrik, Oberding, Germany) and expressed in ?E*00 units at the following intervals: prior to and after placement of the filling and after 1 week,1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months. The results of biocompatibility showed the materials tested, as well as the control, had a lower inflammation severity in 30 and 60 days in relation to 15 days. Likewise, the thickness of fibrous capsule in all groups of materials in 15 days was thick and decreased over time. It was possible to observe the presence of giant cells in all groups, mainly in 15 days. The presence of calcification was observed around implantation sites in all groups, but more frequently in Calen + ZO samples. The findings of discoloration potential exhibited the time had a significant effect on color variation values (?E*00) (p <0.0001).The effect of the materials on color variation (?E*00) was also statistically significant (p = 0.004). Interactions between time and materials demonstrated a significant effect on the values (?E*00) (p <0.0001). The MTA-based experimental material showed the smallest color variation throughout the experimental time (?E*00= 3.02), where as the zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE) showed the highest darkening (?E*00= 5.42) (p = 0.018). ).In conclusion, experimental MTA-based material has satisfactory properties for use as endodontic filling material.Sem bolsaEste estudo avaliou a biocompatibilidade de diferentes materiais obturadores de canais radiculares de dentes decíduos e o seu potencial de alteração de cor. Foram avaliados os seguintes materiais: um material à base de MTA, um material à base de hidróxido de cálcio e iodofórmio (Vitapex), Óxido de zinco e eugenol (OZE), e um material à base de hidróxio de cálcio (Calen) espessado com óxido de zinco (ZO). Para a avaliação da biocompatibilidade, os materiais foram inseridos em tubos de polietileno e implantados no tecido subcutâneo dorsal de quinze ratos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Após 15, 30 e 60 dias, os animais foram eutanasiados, os tubos e tecidos circundantes foram removidos e histologicamente processados. As amostras foram avaliadas quanto à intensidade da resposta inflamatória, a espessura da cápsula fibrosa, presença de calcificação e células gigantes. Para a análise do potencial de discoloração, setenta e cinco blocos cubóides de esmalte-dentina foram preenchidos com os diferentes materiais obturadores e selados com ionômero de vidro fotoativado. A alteração de cor (?E00) foi calculada baseada nas coordenadas de cor medido com o espectrofotômetro (VITA Easyshadecompact) antes e depois da inserção dos materiais e após 1 semana, 1, 3, 6 e 9 meses. A alteração de cor ?E00 foi calculada pelo CIEDE 2000 para cada espécime a partir do baseline. Os resultados do teste de biocompatibilidade mostraram que os materiais apresentaram decréscimo na severidade da inflamação a partir de 30 dias. Da mesma forma, em todos os grupos, a cápsula fibrosa, inicialmente espessa, se tornou mais delgada ao longo do período experimental. Células gigantes foram observadas em todos os grupos experimentais principalmente no período de 15 dias, enquanto a ocorrência de calcificação foi observada com mais frequência no grupo Calen+ZO. O teste de avaliação da capacidade de indução de alteração de cor revelou que o tempo teve efeito nos valores de ?E00 (p <0,0001), assim como os materiais (p = 0,004). As interações entre tempo e os materiais provocaram alterações de (?E00) (p < 0,0001). O material à base de MTA apresentou menores valores de alteração de cor (?E= 3,02) ao longo do tempo enquanto o óxido de zinco e eugenol demonstrou os maiores valores (?E= 5,42) (p= 0,018). O material à base de MTA apresenta propriedades satisfatórias podendo ser uma alternativa aos materiais obturadores convencionais, para utilização em canais radiculares de dentes decíduos

Physical-chemical and biological materials shutters of endodontic materials for primary teeth

The aim of this study was to evaluate radiopacity, pH, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial effect of an experimental MTA-based material comparing to zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) cement, Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide, and Vitapex. The radiopacity of materials was compared to graduated aluminum stepwedge ranging from 0.5 to 5 mm using a digital sensor with standardized focal distance and exposure time. The measurement of pH was performed in deionized water in periods between 1 hour and 30 days. Cell viability was evaluated in human gingival fibroblasts exposed to materials for 1, 3 and 7 days through the MTT assay. Mixed-species biofilm samples were suspended in BHI and incubated in anaerobic conditions using sterile hydroxyapatite disks as substrate for 21 days. The specimens were placed in contact with the tested materials for experimental periods of 7 and 30 days. The percentage of killed bacteria within biofilm was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the materials was tested on a strain of Enterococcus faecalis, through direct contact test. The results of radiopacity showed that the experimental MTA presented 3.28 mmAl but statistically lower than that presented by the other materials (p 12 while ZOE and Vitapex had lower values (p>0.05). Cells exposed to extracts from Vitapex showed the highest viability rate at all concentrations, whereas cells exposed to ZOE extracts displayed the lowest viabilityrate (p12 enquanto que o cimento de OZE e o Vitapex mostraram valores menores (p>0,05). As células expostas a extratos de Vitapex apresentaram maior viabilidade em todas as concentrações, enquanto que as células expostas aos extratos de OZE apresentaram menor viabilidade (p<0,001). O material à base de MTA e a pasta Calen foram estatisticamente semelhantes (p= 0,115). O teste de contato direto revelou que o material experimental a base de MTA eliminou E. faecalis após 4 horas de contato.O Vitapex foi o material de maior eficácia sobre o biofilme misto. Após 30 dias, apenas 49.49% do volume do biofilme estava viável. Houve diferença significativa entre os materiais em relação ao efeito sobre o biofilme (F = 73,073, p= 0,00). Conclui-se que o MTA experimental apresenta propriedades satisfatórias para emprego como material obturador de dentes decíduos