MOESM1 of Economic evaluation of health promotion interventions for older people: do applied economic studies meet the methodological challenges?

Additional file 1: Table S1. Tabular summary of results. The table contains the results of the assessment of the four criteria specific for interventions targeting older people, some general characteristics and results of the general quality assessment of the studies included in the systematic review and its update

DataSheet1_Addressing Non-Communicable Diseases in Primary Healthcare in Kyrgyzstan: A Study on Population’ Knowledge and Behavioral Changes.docx

Objective: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Kyrgyzstan are responsible for 83% of all deaths. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of WHO “Package of Essential Interventions on NCDs” (PEN) on health education and counselling at primary healthcare in Kyrgyzstan.Methods: Interventions consisted of information diffusion in primary care facilities and in communities by trained volunteers. The study aimed to assess the evolution of population’s knowledge and behaviour through a questionnaire applying a quasi-experimental approach. The sample size was 2,000 at baseline and after 4 years in intervention and control oblasts.Results: Population’s knowledge and behaviour improved in intervention areas compared to control areas. Knowledge on NCD-related risks increased from 61% to 87%. Behaviour improved with physical activity increasing from 23% to 32%; smokers reduced from 22% to 20%; alcohol consumption reduced from 23% to 16%; daily walking (minimum 30’) improved from 40% to 71%.Conclusion: This study suggests that the PEN-protocol is effective in improving healthy behaviour, thus potentially contributing to prevent NCDs. This example from Kyrgyzstan provides a practical example for promoting PEN-protocol adaptation in other countries.</p

Use of Outpatient Services.

<p>DM means persons with diagnosed diabetes mellitus. MC means age- and sex-matched comparison subjects. Diff. means DM−MC. Ratio means DM/MC. See text for description of statistical significance.</p><p>Use of Outpatient Services.</p

Self-reported sources of funds to pay for medical care (%).

<p>Self-reported sources of funds to pay for medical care (%).</p

Self-reported causes of inpatient admissions and outpatient visits.

<p>Self-reported causes of inpatient admissions and outpatient visits.</p

Use of Medicines.

<p>MC means age- and sex-matched comparison subjects. Diff. means DM−MC. Ratio means DM/MC. In this table, medicines are defined to exclude herbs and other traditional medicines. See text for description of statistical significance.</p><p>Use of Medicines.</p

Characteristics of study samples by country and study site.

<p>DM means persons with diagnosed diabetes mellitus. MC means matched control group, persons without known diabetes of the same sex and approximate age, living near to the case with DM with whom they were matched. Mean annual family income per person is the respondent’s self-reported family income divided by the self-reported number of persons in the respondent’s family (family size).</p><p>Characteristics of study samples by country and study site.</p

Use of Inpatient Services.

<p>DM means persons with diagnosed diabetes mellitus. MC means age- and sex-matched comparison subjects. Data on Length of Stay for MCs are not available (NA) because sample size was insufficient to calculate. Diff. means DM−MC. Ratio means DM/MC. See text for description of statistical significance.</p><p>Use of Inpatient Services.</p

Sources of medicines (%).

<p>Sources of medicines (%).</p

Payments/charges for medical care by location, age range, and length of time since diagnosis (2009 Chinese yuan).

<p>DM diabetes mellitus, N number of participants, NGT normal glucose tolerance, OPV outpatient visit.</p>a<p>p≤0.05 for urban-rural difference.</p>b<p>p≤0.05 for age.</p>c<p>p≤0.05 for duration of diabetes.</p>d<p>p≤0.10 for DM vs. NGT difference.</p>e<p>p≤0.001 for DM vs. NGT difference.</p>f<p>p-values not calculated for this category because results are derived in part or entirely from means instead of person-level data.</p><p> <b>General notes</b></p><p>1) Data based on total payments made as recorded or recalled by the participant, for the most recent instance of each kind of service or purchase. These payments do not reflect any subsequent reimbursement or subsidy.</p><p>2) <i>Difference</i> was defined as the rate for participants with DM minus the rate for participants with NGT.</p><p>3) <i>Ratio</i> was defined as the rate for participants with DM divided by the rate for participants with NGT.</p><p>4) <i>Western medicines</i> were defined as all medicines except traditional Chinese medicines.</p><p>5) Total annual payments for inpatient and outpatient care include payments for medicines and tests that the patient made at the time of the admission or visit. Total annual payments per person for Western medicines and glucose testing strips also include these payments. The reduction for duplicated payments removes this double-counting in the calculation of total annual point of service payments/charges (see text for details).</p><p>6) Adjusted values for “All Participants” who were NGT were directly standardized to the age-sex distribution of those with DM, using the age categories displayed in the table.</p><p>7) p-values listed as ≤0.05 include values ≤0.01 and lower.</p><p>8) When mean payments for participants with NGT are not shown they can be calculated by dividing the payment for participants with DM by the DM:NGT ratio.</p