Chapter 6 Challenges for the education system in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

The fourth industrial revolution, characterized by digitization, artificial intelligence and augmented reality, and megatrends such as globalization, urbanization, demographic changes and the knowledge-based economy, will trigger a series of profound technological, economic, social and environmental changes that will permanently and irreversibly change the role of the state in meeting social needs. Industry 4.0 will also change the type, nature, and scope of public goods and how they are produced, financed, delivered, and consumed. This book redefines the current paradigm of public goods. It proposes a model of production and distribution of public goods that acknowledges the participation of entities from the public, private, and nonprofit sectors. The authors argue that these entities would participate in the production, financing, distribution, and consumption of such goods. From a theoretical point of view, such an inclusive approach involving the expansion of the classical state - market dichotomy with new entities, including citizens themselves, leads to a new conceptualization and approach towards public goods. The model assumes shared responsibility, subsidiarity, and paternalistic libertarianism, and it allows the state to create new entities of an educational or fiscal nature, while remaining the regulator of public services and distribution. Additionally, the book analyzes changes regarding the perception of public goods, in the era of the fourth industrial revolution, across selected sectors such as healthcare and pension systems, education, local public goods, and public utility services. The book is primarily addressed to researchers, scholars and students across social and technical sciences, and it will also be a useful guide for central and local administration bodies responsible for public policy

Crystals structures of carbonate phases with Mg in Triassic rocks, mineral formation and transitions

Abstract Detailed data on carbonate minerals different in magnesium content including their crystal structures were presented in this article. The samples were collected from the formations of the Lower Muschelkalk and the Upper Muschelkalk. X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis were used for carbonate phases determination. The following minerals with different Mg content were identified: low-Mg calcite, high-Mg calcite, proto-dolomite, ordered dolomite and de-huntite. The content of Mg in high-Mg calcite is higher than in low-Mg calcite but lower than that of proto-dolomite. Proto-dolomite is characterized by lower content of Mg than typical for stoichiometric value for dolomite—ordered dolomite. Due to the reduced Mg content in identified huntite, this carbonate phase was named as de-huntite. The research results are significant because they are a source of new data on carbonate phases with different Mg content which build studied Triassic rocks and crystal structures of these minerals

Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Triassic Dolomites from Upper Silesia, Poland

A detailed description of carbonate minerals of Triassic dolomites with different magnesium contents is presented in this article. Tests were carried out to determine geochemical and mineralogical characteristics. The following carbonate phases were identified: low-Mg calcite, high-Mg calcite, proto-dolomite, ordered dolomite, and huntite. The methods used were microscopic description, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and electron probe microanalysis (EMPA). Samples were collected from the Tarnowice Formation, which is the lower part of the profile of Upper Muschelkalk. On the basis of the obtained results, the chemical formulae of carbonate phases were calculated. The results indicate that Mg in low-Mg calcite ranges from 0.6 to 1.2% and in high-Mg calcite from 7.47 to 10.41%. In protodolomite, it ranges from 10.96 to 11.78%. In ordered dolomite, the Mg content is 13.18% on a stoichiometric basis. Due to the reduced Mg content in the identified huntite (in the range of 13.62% to 17.76), this carbonate phase is considered de-huntite

Chapter 6 Challenges for the education system in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

The fourth industrial revolution, characterized by digitization, artificial intelligence and augmented reality, and megatrends such as globalization, urbanization, demographic changes and the knowledge-based economy, will trigger a series of profound technological, economic, social and environmental changes that will permanently and irreversibly change the role of the state in meeting social needs. Industry 4.0 will also change the type, nature, and scope of public goods and how they are produced, financed, delivered, and consumed. This book redefines the current paradigm of public goods. It proposes a model of production and distribution of public goods that acknowledges the participation of entities from the public, private, and nonprofit sectors. The authors argue that these entities would participate in the production, financing, distribution, and consumption of such goods. From a theoretical point of view, such an inclusive approach involving the expansion of the classical state - market dichotomy with new entities, including citizens themselves, leads to a new conceptualization and approach towards public goods. The model assumes shared responsibility, subsidiarity, and paternalistic libertarianism, and it allows the state to create new entities of an educational or fiscal nature, while remaining the regulator of public services and distribution. Additionally, the book analyzes changes regarding the perception of public goods, in the era of the fourth industrial revolution, across selected sectors such as healthcare and pension systems, education, local public goods, and public utility services. The book is primarily addressed to researchers, scholars and students across social and technical sciences, and it will also be a useful guide for central and local administration bodies responsible for public policy