Socio-demographic differentiation of selected risk factors in a group of patients with respiratory system diseases

Introduction : Tobacco smoking is the major risk factor of respiratory system diseases. However, it is worth noticing other crucial factors increasing the risk of such diseases, such as alcohol consumption, obesity, excess fat tissue around the neck and throat, malnutrition, tranquilisers and soporifics, and previous respiratory system diseases. Aim of the research : To analyse the socio-demographic differentiation of selected respiratory system diseases risk factors in a group of pulmonological patients. Material and methods : The research covered 126 pulmonological patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, or lung cancer. The study employed standardised research tools: the Fagerström test, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and a self-designed questionnaire. Neck circumference and body weight measurements were performed to calculate body mass index and waist-hip ratio. The significance level was established at p < 0.05. Results : Most patients smoked tobacco in the past or were active smokers. Over 50% reported occasional alcohol drinking and demonstrated malnutrition risk or abdominal obesity. Smoking was more often practised by men, people with lower education, and COPD and tuberculosis patients. Malnutrition risk was associated with tuberculosis and lung cancer. Tobacco consumption as a respiratory system diseases risk factor more often applied to men and people below 50 years of age. The use of soporifics increased with age and concerned lung cancer patients. Previous respiratory system diseases correlated with the respondents’ education. Conclusions : The most frequent respiratory system diseases risk factors are smoking, malnutrition, and abdominal obesity. Respiratory system diseases risk factors are significantly correlated with sex, age, place of residence, and previous respiratory system diseases

Pozytywne zachowania zdrowotne studentów lubelskich uczelni i ich wybrane uwarunkowania

INTRODUCTION: According to modern knowledge, we distinguish many factors conditioning human health. Among them, the most important is lifestyle. During the university education period, the first independent attempts and decisions are made, not only those related to life choices, but also decisions related to health behaviours that will have a consequence in adult life. The aim of the study was to assess the positive health behaviours among students of Lublin universities and their selected determinants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted using the PAPI method from March to May 2017 among 410 male students. The study employed the Positive Health Behaviour Scale (PHBS) for adults and sociodemographic questions. The results of the study were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The obtained results of the study carried out among students using PHBS allowed the authors to state that the respondents obtained the highest result in Subscale IV. “Safety” (2.46 ± 0.59), subsequently in Subscale III. “Relaxation and behaviours connected with psychosocial health” (1.67 ± 0.53). The lowest rated subscale was Subscale I. “Nutrition” (1.28 ± 0.52). Statistical analysis showed that age, the place of residence, place of residence during studies, field of studies, occurrence of cancer in the family and self-assessment of health condition determines the assessment of positive health behaviours (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The ranking of positive health behaviours among male students of Lublin universities is as follows: “Safety”, “Relaxation and behaviours connected with psychosocial health”, “Physical activity”, “Taking care of one’s body” and “Nutrition”.WSTĘP: Zgodnie ze współczesną wiedzą wyróżniamy wiele czynników warunkujących zdrowie człowieka. Wśród nich najważniejszy to styl życia. W okresie nauki na uczelni wyższej podejmowane są pierwsze samodzielne próby i decyzje, nie tylko te związane z wyborami życiowymi, ale także decyzje związane z zachowaniami zdrowotnymi, które będą miały konsekwencję w dorosłym życiu. Celem pracy była ocena pozytywnych zachowań zdrowotnych wśród studentów lubelskich uczelni oraz ich wybranych uwarunkowań.MATERIAŁ I METODY: Badania przeprowadzono metodą PAPI w okresie od marca do maja 2017 roku wśród 410 studentów płci męskiej. W badaniach wykorzystano Skalę Pozytywnych Zachowań Zdrowotnych dla dorosłych (SPZZ) oraz pytania metryczkowe. Wyniki badań poddano analizie statystycznej. WYNIKI:Uzyskane wyniki badań wśród studentów ocenione na podstawie SPZZ pozwalają stwierdzić, że ankietowani uzyskali najwyższy wynik w subskali IV „Zachowanie bezpieczeństwa” (2,46 ± 0,59), następnie w subskali III „Sen, odpoczynek i zdrowie psychiczne” (1,67 ± 0,53). Najniżej oceniono subskalę I „Żywienie” (1,28 ± 0,52). Przeprowadzona analiza statystyczna wykazała, że wiek, miejsce stałego zamieszkania, miejsce zamieszkania podczas studiów, kierunek studiów, występowanie nowotworów w rodzinie oraz samoocena stanu zdrowia determinują ocenę pozytywnych zachowań zdrowotnych (p < 0,05). WNIOSKI: Ranking pozytywnych zachowań zdrowotnych wśród studentów płci męskiej lubelskich uczelni kształtuje się następująco: „Zachowanie bezpieczeństwa”, „Sen, odpoczynek i zdrowie psychiczne”, „Aktywność fizyczna”, „Dbałość o ciało” oraz „Żywienie”

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)