Motivating factors and barriers in the commencement of one’s own business for potential entrepreneurs

This paper aims to recognise the factors that motivate potential entrepreneurs in the commencement of one’s own business activity and to determine factors that hamper potential entrepreneurs in starting up their own businesses. The study was conducted by surveying 255 people who planned to start their own business. The author’s questionnaire was administered to all participants. Respondents recognised three main factors that motivate people to the commencement of one’s own business activity: self-realisation and self-satisfaction, the possibility of higher earnings and ndependence in decision-making. Among the factors that hamper the commencement of one’s own business, respondents cited lack of experience, lack of capital and risk of failure. There was no difference between women and men with regard to motives and barriers. Younger entrepreneurs perceived more barriers than older entrepreneurs. There was no discernible relationship between age and motive to the commencement of one’s own business. Institutions handling financial aid should pay particular attention to the motives behind setting up a business. Deciding to aid a company should be preceded by an in-depth analysis of what the entrepreneur perceives to be the barriers to starting his/her own business as lack of funds is frequently not the only, or even the key, obstacle

Start-up intentions of potential entrepreneurs – the contribution of hope to success

In line with Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour (1991), an individual’s behaviour is a product of intentions based on attitude toward behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived control. It seems important to seek factors that underlie business intentions and that go beyond Ajzen’s theory when adapting the model to business-related behaviour. This study aims to determine the predictive value of Snyder’s hope of success for start-up intentions. The study was conducted at the University of Finance and Management in Warsaw (Poland) with 347 students of various majors using the Start-up Intentions Questionnaire (SuIQ), the Hope Scale (HS), and the Multidimensional Personal and Business Data Sheet. Potential entrepreneurs displayed stronger start-up intentions than people who did not plan to start a business. Positive correlations were found between start-up intentions and the scores in the HS subscales. The scores in Pathways were the only variables in the regression model that were significant predictors of start-up intentions. The other independent variables – the score for Agency, the total HS score, age, and sex – did not achieve the required significance level. Deepening one’s convictions, especially about one’s skills and persistence in solving problems, may be considered one of the factors underlying start-up intentions

Does forest disturbance matter to climate degradation? Evidence from top Asian Economies

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between forestry and climate degradation in the modern era. Specifically, the study aimed to examine how forest areas are influencing environmental degradation. Given the inevitable link between forests and carbon dioxide (CO2), the current study focused on examining the impact of changes in forestry on the levels of CO2 emissions in top Asian economies, including China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. To this end, the current study was quantitative in nature and utilized advanced methodology such as econometrics of quantile-on-quantile (Q-Q) regression to investigate the forests-environmental degradation link. In particular, we examined the effect of quantiles of forest areas on the quantile of climate change in top Asian economies using the time series data from 1990 to 2018. The findings confirmed that forest areas have a negative and significant impact on climate degradation in the majority of the groups of quantiles for all countries. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of forests in controlling environmental degradation in Asian economies. Lastly, the study recommends the respective government bodies to intervene and provide assistance in environmental initiatives to improve forestry levels. First published online 09 February 202

Motivation for Physical Activity and Mental Health Indicators in Male Gym Attendees

The significance of physical activity for mental well-being has been discussed in detail in the literature on the subject. However, a question arises concerning the relationship between motivation to exercise and psychological functioning. The objective of the present study was to test the relationship between the types of motivation for physical activity and selected indicators of mental health

Надежда на экономический успех среди молодёжи

This study aims to 1) determine the level of hope for success in students representing various courses of study and 2) assess differences in hope for success between business-active and business-inactive students. This cross-sectional study consisted of 375 participants (students of Psychology, Management, Finance and banking, Political sciences and Informatics) at the University of Finance and Management in Warsaw (Poland). Two measures were used: Snyder’s Hope Scale and the author’s questionnaire “Youth attitudes to entrepreneurship”. Generally, students declared a high intensification of hope for success. Management students reported the highest intensification of hope for success compared to students representing the other courses of studies. Legally business-active students reported higher levels of hope for success and higher mean scores on the Agency and Pathways subscales compared to business-inactive students. Similarly, students who plan to commence their own businesses revealed higher mean scores of hope for success on the Agency and Pathways subscales compared to students who do not want to start a business. The results of this study support the conclusion that an individual’s conviction about the possibility of accomplishing a target might be considered one of the variables that shape entrepreneurial intent. This conclusion ought to be used by the educational system in terms of strengthening individuals’ beliefs about their effectiveness in the achievement of goals.Opracowanie ma na celu, po pierwsze, określenie poziomu nadziei na sukces u studentów reprezentujących różne kierunki studiów oraz, po drugie, ocenę różnic w nadziei na sukces między studentami gospodarczo aktywnymi i gospodarczo nieaktywnymi. To badanie przekrojowe objęło 375 uczestników (studentów psychologii, zarządzania, finansów i bankowości, nauk politycznych i informatyki) w Wyższej Szkole Finansów i Zarządzania w Warszawie. Zastosowano dwie miary: skala nadziel na sukces Snydera i autorski kwestionariusz Postawy przedsiębiorcze młodzieży. Generalnie studenci deklarowali wysokie zintensyfikowanie nadziei na sukces. Studenci kierunku Zarządzanie zgłaszali najwyższe zintensyfikowanie nadziei na sukces w porównaniu ze studentami reprezentującymi inne kierunki studiów. W sensie prawnym gospodarczo aktywni studenci wskazywali na wyższe poziomy nadziei na sukces i wyższe średnie oceny na podskalach Agencja i Ścieżki w porównaniu ze studentami gospodarczo nieaktywnymi. Podobnie studenci, którzy planują rozpocząć swój własny biznes, wykazywali wyższe średnie oceny nadziei na sukces na podskalach Agencja i Ścieżki w porównaniu ze studentami, którzy nie chcą rozpocząć działalności gospodarczej. Wyniki tego badania potwierdzają wniosek, że przekonanie jednostki co do możliwości realizacji celu można uważać za jedną ze zmiennych, które kształtują zamiar przedsiębiorczy. Wniosek ten powinien być wykorzystywany przez system edukacji z punktu widzenia umacniania przekonań jednostek co do ich skuteczności w realizacji celów.Разработка преследует собой цели: 1) определить уровень надежды на успех у студентов, представляющих различные курсы обучения, и 2) оценить отличия в надежде на успех между активными и неактивными с точки зрения осуществления бизнеса студентами. Это перекрестное исследование охватило 375 участников (студентов психологии, управления, финансов и банковского дела, политических наук и информатики) в Высшей школе финансов и управский вопросник «Отношение молодёжи к предпринимательству». В основном, студенты заявляли о высокой интенсификации надежды на успех. Студенты курса «Управление» заявляли о самой высокой интенсифика- ции надежды на успех по сравнению со студентами-представителями других курсов обучения в вузе. Законно экономически активные студенты заявляли о более высоких уровнях надежды на успех и о более высоких средних оцен- ках на субшкалах Agency и Pathways по сравнению с неактивными в этом отношении студентами. Так же студенты, которые планируют начать свою собственную хозяйственную деятельность, выявили более высокие средние оценки надежды на успех на субшкалах Agency и Pathways по сравнению со студентами, которые не хотят заняться бизнесом. Результаты этого изучения поддерживают заключение, что убеждение индивида о возможности достижения цели могло бы рассматриваться в качестве одной из переменных, которые формируют намерение стать предпринимателем. Это заключение следовало бы использовать в системе обучения с точки зрения повышения веры индивидов в их эффективности достижения целей