Split-split-plot design for a non-orthogonal experiment with lupine

W pracy przedstawiono przykład konstrukcji układu niekompletnego split-split-plot (SSP) dla nieortogonalnego doświadczenia trójczynnikowego. Niekompletność układu SSP jest związana z obiektami czynnika trzeciego w kolejności. W pracy układem generującym jest układ zrównoważony o blokach niekompletnych (BIB). Podane są właściwości statystyczne układu finalnego SSP ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem właściwości ogólnego zrównoważenia układu. Zaproponowano analizę statystyczną właściwą dla doświadczeń wielowarstwowych oraz analizę kontrastów. Rozważania zilustrowano danymi wygenerowanymi z doświadczenia ortogonalnego z łubinem.In the paper a construction method of an incomplete split-split-plot (SSP) design for a non-orthogonal experiment is presented. Incompleteness of the SSP design concerns sub-subplot treatments. Balanced incomplete block (BIB) design is used as generating design in the construction method. Statistical properties of the final SSP design with respect to general balance are given. Multistratum analysis and the analysis of contrasts are proposed as adequate statistical analysis. Considerations are illustrated using data generated from some orthogonal experiment with lupine

Reakcja dwóch typów odmian kukurydzy (zea mays l.) na zróżnicowaną gęstość siewu

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of sowing density on grain yield of two types of maize cultivars. The field experiment was carried out in 2012-2014 at the Department of Agronomy at the Poznań University of Life Sciences. The first order factor was: the cultivars SY Cooky and Drim “stay-green”, while the second order factor was: sowing den-sity of 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 plants per 1 m-2. The thermal and humidity conditions in the growing seasons of maize significantly influenced grain yield, ear grain number, grain moisture and the number of production ears per area unit. The “stay-green” cultivar was characterized by significantly higher grain yield compared to the traditional cultivar. The increase in sowing density decreased 1000 seed weight and ear grain number, while it increased the number of production ears per area unit and maize grain moisture during harvest. No significant interaction of the studied types of maize cultivars with sowing density in shaping grain yield components, moisture and grain yield was demonstrated.Celem pracy było określenie wpływu gęstości siewu na wielkość plonu ziarna dwóch typów odmian kukurydzy. Doświadczenie polowe prowadzono w latach 2012-2014 w Katedrze Agronomii Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu. Czyn-nikiem I rzędu była odmiana: SY Cooky i Drim „stay-green”, natomiast czynnikiem II rzędu gęstość siewu: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ro-ślin na 1 m-2.Warunki termiczne i wilgotnościowe w sezonach wegetacyjnych kukurydzy w istotny sposób kształtowały plon ziarna, liczbę ziaren w kolbie, wilgotność ziarna oraz liczbę kolb produkcyjnych na jednostce powierzchni. Mieszaniec w typie „stay-green” charakteryzował się istotnie wyższym plonem ziarna w porównaniu do odmiany tradycyjnej. Wzrost gęstości siewu spowodował spadek masy 1000 nasion i liczby ziaren w kolbie, natomiast zwiększyła się liczba kolb produkcyjnych na jednostce powierzchni oraz wilgotność ziarna kukurydzy podczas zbioru. Nie wykazano istotnego współdziałania ba-danych typów odmian kukurydzy z gęstością siewu w kształtowaniu komponentów plonu ziarna, wilgotności i plonu ziarna

Response of Maize Varieties (Zea mays L.) to the Application of Classic and Stabilized Nitrogen Fertilizers—Nitrogen as a Predictor of Generative Yield

The study presents the results of a 3-year field trial aimed at assessing the yield and efficiency indicators of nitrogen application in the cultivation of three maize cultivars differing in agronomic and genetic profile. The advantages of the UltraGrain stabilo formulation (NBPT and NPPT) over ammonium nitrate and urea are apparent if a maize cultivar capable of efficient nutrient uptake in the pre-flowering period and effective utilization during the grain filling stage is selected. Therefore, the rational fertilization of maize with urea-based nitrogen fertilizer with a urease inhibitor requires the simultaneous selection of cultivars that are physiologically profiled for efficient nitrogen utilization from this form of fertilizer (“stay-green” cultivar). The interaction of a selective cultivar with a high genetically targeted potential for nitrogen uptake from soil, combined with a targeted selection of nitrogen fertilizer, is important not only in terms of production, but also environmental and economic purposes

Gromadzenie suchej masy w początkowym okresie wegetacji jako reakcja dwóch typów odmian kukurydzy (Zea mays L.) na sposób siewu i nawożenia

The study presents the results of field trials, whose aim was to assess the impact of sowing and fertilization method on the dynamics of dry matter accumulation in the initial period of growth by two different maize hybrid types. The method of soil cultivation significantly conditioned the growth dynamics of maize plants in the initial vegetation period. In the direct sowing system, the "stay-green" cultivar, with simultaneous phosphorus fertilizer application, may reduce the effects of direct sowing in the BBCH 15/16 stage, but will not eliminate them.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań polowych, których celem była ocena wpływu sposobu siewu i nawożenia na dynamikę gromadzenia suchej masy w początkowym okresie wzrostu przez dwa różne typy mieszańcowe kukurydzy. Sposób uprawy roli istotnie kształtował dynamikę wzrostu roślin kukurydzy w początkowym okresie wegetacji. W systemie siewu bezpośredniego odmiana typu „stay-green” z jednoczesną aplikacją nawozu fosforowego może zmniejszyć skutki siewu bezpośredniego w stadium BBCH 15/16, ale ich nie wyeliminują

Evaluation of the Effect of Conventional and Stabilized Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Nutritional Status of Several Maize Cultivars (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in Critical Growth Stages Using Plant Analysis

The study presents the results of a three year field trial aimed at assessing the nutritional status of maize in critical growth stages by means of a plant analysis in the cultivation of three maize cultivars differing in their agronomic and genetic profile. The main research problem was to demonstrate whether the availability of nitrogen from stabilized fertilizers for “stay-green” maize varieties is consistent with the dynamics of the demand for this component. This is very important from both the economic and agronomic aspect of maize cultivation. The research showed a significant response of the maize cultivars to different nitrogen fertilizer formulations, which was observed in the period from the five-leaf stage to the full flowering stage. The advantage of the fertilizer, UltraGran stabilo, over other nitrogen fertilizers in the BBCH 15 stage was demonstrated only for the cultivar, ES Metronom, which produced a greater aerial mass while maintaining the nitrogen concentration at the level of the other two maize cultivars. The nitrogen and potassium content shaped the kernel weight in the ear in the flowering stage, confirming the importance of the interaction of these two elements in forming this feature of maize as the main predictor of the grain yield. This trait (expressed by the R2 coefficient) manifested each year of the study, but especially in the years with optimal weather patterns (i.e., the first year). The response of the maize cultivars to nitrogen fertilizers, especially the cultivar, ES Metronom, was manifested by an increase in the content of nutrients and chlorophyll in the ear leaf, that is considered a predictive organ for grain yield. The fertilizers, Super N-46 and UltraGran stabilo, had a positive effect on the chlorophyll content (CCI parameter) and increased its efficiency of excitation energy transfer (the F0 parameter)

Evaluation of the Effect of Conventional and Stabilized Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Nutritional Status of Several Maize Cultivars (Zea mays L.) in Critical Growth Stages Using Plant Analysis

The study presents the results of a three year field trial aimed at assessing the nutritional status of maize in critical growth stages by means of a plant analysis in the cultivation of three maize cultivars differing in their agronomic and genetic profile. The main research problem was to demonstrate whether the availability of nitrogen from stabilized fertilizers for &ldquo;stay-green&rdquo; maize varieties is consistent with the dynamics of the demand for this component. This is very important from both the economic and agronomic aspect of maize cultivation. The research showed a significant response of the maize cultivars to different nitrogen fertilizer formulations, which was observed in the period from the five-leaf stage to the full flowering stage. The advantage of the fertilizer, UltraGran stabilo, over other nitrogen fertilizers in the BBCH 15 stage was demonstrated only for the cultivar, ES Metronom, which produced a greater aerial mass while maintaining the nitrogen concentration at the level of the other two maize cultivars. The nitrogen and potassium content shaped the kernel weight in the ear in the flowering stage, confirming the importance of the interaction of these two elements in forming this feature of maize as the main predictor of the grain yield. This trait (expressed by the R2 coefficient) manifested each year of the study, but especially in the years with optimal weather patterns (i.e., the first year). The response of the maize cultivars to nitrogen fertilizers, especially the cultivar, ES Metronom, was manifested by an increase in the content of nutrients and chlorophyll in the ear leaf, that is considered a predictive organ for grain yield. The fertilizers, Super N-46 and UltraGran stabilo, had a positive effect on the chlorophyll content (CCI parameter) and increased its efficiency of excitation energy transfer (the F0 parameter)