Colorectal cancer in pregnancy mimicking tuberculosis

Colorectal cancer in pregnancy is extremely rare and presentation may mimic symptoms of pregnancy or abdominal tuberculosis delaying diagnosis. We hereby report a case presenting to us in late pregnancy misdiagnosed as a case of abdominal tuberculosis

Epidermal inclusion cyst of breast diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology: a retrospective study

Background: Epidermal inclusion cyst (EIC) is a rare benign condition of breast. Patient presents with palpable breast lump and needs to be differentiated from other breast lesions. This study included cases of epidermal inclusion cyst of breast (EICB) diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and their correlation with histopathological findings.Methods: Study was conducted in a retrospective manner over a period of 2 years.  8 Patients who presented with breast lump and were cytologically diagnosed as EIC were included in the study. Cytological features were suggestive of EIC or infective EICB. Histopathological confirmation was done. Female: Male ratio in the study was 7:1 with an age range of 35 to 54 years. Radiological investigations favoured benign lesions in 5 cases and tubercular collection in one case.Results: FNAC was performed and May-Grunwald-Giemsa stained smears showed numerous anucleate squames and mature squamous epithelial cells in a clean or inflammatory background. Diagnosis of EICB or infective EICB was made on cytology. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically in 6 cases.Conclusions: Asymptomatic lesions do not require biopsy and treatment. Follow-up is sufficient if typical clinical and radiological findings are there. But in symptomatic cases, excision should be done followed by histopathological confirmation to rule out malignant lesion. Diagnosis should be made on FNA whenever associated with characteristic pultaceous aspirate and cytological findings.

Male breast carcinoma: study from a tertiary care centre in North India

Male breast cancer is a rare malignancy. In recent years a rise in the number of male breast cancer cases has been seen. Due to rarity of the disease the reporting of such cases is important to support the present status of this aggressive malignancy. Fine needle aspiration method for breast FNA is an invasive procedure but can provide a diagnosis without causing much morbidity to the patient. Hence, objective of the present work was to report and study the clinico-pathological behaviour of male breast cancer at a tertiary care centre in North India using fine needle aspiration-based diagnosis. Present study includes cytologically diagnosed male breast carcinoma cases over a period of 4 years. Eleven cases of male breast cancer were identified. Median age of presentation was 57years. All the eleven patients presented with main complaint of swelling in breast (100%), nine (81.8%) patients presenting in left breast and two (18.2%) in right breast. Four cases presented with nipple retraction. Also, axillary lymphadenopathy was evident in four (34.4%) patients. Male breast cancer an aggressive disease having distinct clinical presentation, can be cytologically diagnosed easily as other benign conditions are rare in male breast.

The development of HISPEC for Keck and MODHIS for TMT: science cases and predicted sensitivities

HISPEC is a new, high-resolution near-infrared spectrograph being designed for the W.M. Keck II telescope. By offering single-shot, R=100,000 between 0.98 - 2.5 um, HISPEC will enable spectroscopy of transiting and non-transiting exoplanets in close orbits, direct high-contrast detection and spectroscopy of spatially separated substellar companions, and exoplanet dynamical mass and orbit measurements using precision radial velocity monitoring calibrated with a suite of state-of-the-art absolute and relative wavelength references. MODHIS is the counterpart to HISPEC for the Thirty Meter Telescope and is being developed in parallel with similar scientific goals. In this proceeding, we provide a brief overview of the current design of both instruments, and the requirements for the two spectrographs as guided by the scientific goals for each. We then outline the current science case for HISPEC and MODHIS, with focuses on the science enabled for exoplanet discovery and characterization. We also provide updated sensitivity curves for both instruments, in terms of both signal-to-noise ratio and predicted radial velocity precision.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of SPIE: Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets XI, vol. 12680 (2023

Long-Term Effects of Mechanical Neck Pain on School Teacher Scapula Position, Neck Disability, and Quality of Life in Delhi NCR Region

The aim of the present study was to study and to analyze the static scapula posture, neck disability, and changes due to mechanical neck pain on overall quality of life of school teachers working in Delhi and NCR region. Latest evidence among all kinds of occupational related health problems, neck pain and shoulder pain are found to be most common musculoskeletal disorder. As compared to other forms of musculoskeletal disorders, neck pain to be precise is most commonly found in teaching professionals. 100 School teachers were examined for their static scapula position (Scapula protraction and scapula Upward Rotation), school teachers’ quality of life and neck disability were assessed with the help of Neck disability index questionnaire and SF-36 questionnaire, study focused on the age group of 25–35 years of age. SPSS software was used for analysis of data and results show statistically significant difference in scapula position in all three positions and scapula upward rotation. It is also observed that mechanical neck pain deteriorate the life and neck disability of school teachers. From present, we can conclude that school teachers suffer from adverse neck disability, overall quality of life and scapular protraction as well as scapula upward rotation in all assessed positions

Cerebral encephalopathy with extrapontine myelinolysis in a case of postpartum hypernatremia

Extrapontine myelinolysis, a fairly common metabolic disorder, is associated with neurological complications. Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis are commonly recognized with rapid correction of sodium. Myelinolysis, however, has rarely been described with hypernatremia. We report a rare case of post-partum hypernatremic encephalopathy associated with serum sodium levels as high as 200 mEq/l on presentation. Although the serum sodium levels were brought down gradually, subsequent imaging showed progression of demyelination and deterioration of the neurological status

Clinicohematological Profile of Pancytopenia: A Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: Pancytopenia is a clinicohematological prob­lem with wide spread discriminated diagnosis. A through evaluation of patient is necessary to identify the cause as large number of patients has reversible etiology and early diagnosis may be lifesaving. Diagnosis of pancyto­penia requires microscopic examination of bone marrow aspirates to assess the overall cellularity and morphol­ogy. This study was conducted with the aim to find out the cause of pancytopenia on the basis of bone marrow findings. Methods: The present study was conducted in the de­partment of pathology over a period of one year. A total of 169 patients were included in the study that fulfilled the criteria of pancytopenia. A detailed clinical history and physical examination followed by complete blood count, peripheral smear examination and bone marrow aspira­tion was done in all cases. Results: There was slight male predominance with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The majority of patients were in second and third decade. The main cause of pancytope­nia was megaloblastic anemia followed by mixed nutri­tional deficiency anemia and others. Conclusion: This study emphasized that in developing countries like India majority of the patients had reversible etiology and patients can be put on a trial of hematinics and close haematological follow up

Primary Mediastinal Synovial Sarcoma Presenting as Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature

Primary mediastinal sarcomas are aggressive tumors with a very rare incidence. This report describes the case of a 35-year-old male patient who presented with acute symptoms of dyspnoea, facial puffiness, voice-hoarseness, and engorged neck veins. With the clinical picture consistent with the superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, the patient was investigated with computed tomography of the chest. This revealed a large soft tissue density mass lesion compressing the SVC along with other critical superior mediastinal structures. Histopathological evaluation of the mass revealed features consistent with a soft tissue sarcoma and positive staining was observed for vimentin and S-100. Cytogenetic analysis by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) demonstrated the t(X:18) translocation. Thus diagnosis was established as primary mediastinal synovial sarcoma. Patient was treated with three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, to which there was a partial response as per the RECIST criteria. Surgical excision of the mediastinal mass was performed, and further postoperative treatment with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was provided. Patient currently is free of disease. This is to the best of our knowledge the first report in the world literature of a successfully treated case of “primary mediastinal sarcomas presenting as SVC syndrome.” Patient is under regular surveillance at our clinic and remains free of recurrence one year after treatment completion