Epiphytic diatoms of the Tisza River, Kisköre reservoir and some oxbows of the Tisza River after the cyanide and heavy metal pollution in 2000

The Tisza River is a large tributary of the Danube River. The largest reservoir of the river is the Kisköre reservoir, and there are furthermore a great number of oxbows in the vicinity of the river. In February and early spring 2000 serious amounts of cyanide and heavy metal pollution were spilled into the Tisza River. The Kisköre Reservoir of the Tisza was less polluted than the river itself. However, the four oxbows investigated were flooded by the Tisza River in April 2000. Epiphytic diatom samples were taken in February and October 2000 along the Tisza River, in November and December 2000 at the Kisköre Reservoir and in May and July 1996, October 2000 and June 2001 at the four Tisza oxbows. The aims of this study were to obtain preliminary data about the species composition of the attached diatoms of these waters, to evaluate the impact of the pollution on epiphytic diatoms and to evaluate the natural protection value of these waters. Epiphyton of the Tisza River was dominated by Achnanthidium minutissimum, Amphora pediculus, Cocconeis placentula, Diatoma moniliformis in February and by Achnanthidium minutissimum and several Nitzschia spp. in October. A number of teratological frustules were observed. In the Kisköre reservoir, Amphora pediculus, Cocconeis pediculus, C. placentula, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Gomphonema angustum, Nitzschia dissipata were dominant. In 1996 Staurosira, Staurosirella and Navicula species dominated in the oxbows, whereas in 2000 Aulacoseira distans, Achanthidium minutissimum and Nitzschia spp. became dominant. Based on results from the literature, we are of the opinion that the characteristic Achnanthidium minutissimum - Nitzschia spp. dominance of the Tisza River and the oxbows is partly due to the heavy metal pollution. A number of endangered species, two new elements for the Hungarian diatom flora - Navicula austrocollegarum and Navicula streckerae - and two probably invasive species, Diadesmis confervacea and Didymosphenia geminata were found

Building basic vocabulary across 40 languages

The paper explores the options for building bilingual dictionaries by automated methods. We define the notion ‘basic vocabulary ’ and investigate how well the conceptual units that make up this language-independent vocabulary are covered by language-specific bindings in 40 languages

Nature conservation oriented algal biodiversity monitoring investigations in the main arm and some dead arms of the River Tisza I. Benthic diatoms

Benthic diatoms started to be studied as part of the Hungarian National Biodiversity Monitoring Programme in some dead-arms within the Pilot Project area in 1996 and continued in 2000-2001. The investigations had a nature conservation oriented biodiversity monitoring focus but besides the diversity of diatom communities, the water quality of the dead-arms was also described on the basis of benthic diatom species composition an relative abundance by using the trophic and saprobic condition scale of Hofmann. A considerable nutrient content was detected in the investigated dead-arms; besides algal blooms and the spreading of macrophytes, benthic diatom investigations always supported this fact. On the basis of a German red list several valuable species were found in the studied dead-arm. This valuable algal flora can only be protected by the conservation of the habitats (dead-arms) and its catchments area

Application Possibilities of Selection Indices in the Pannon Ka Rabbit Breed

The Pannon Ka is a synthetic breed which can be used as a maternal crossing partner in the Pannon breeding program of the University of Kaposvár, Hungary. In the present study genetic parameters of the number of kits born alive (NBA) and the litter weight at 21 days of age (LW21) were estimated, and a two trait selection index was created in order to test the possible modification of the selection process of this breed. 14465 NBA and LW21 records were collected from 3509 Pannon Ka does between 1999 and 2016 and the total number of animals in the pedigree was 5627. NBA and LW21 were analyzed jointly in a two-trait animal model which was used to estimate the variance components and to predict the breeding values. The considered fixed effects in the model were parity and year and month of kindling. The covariate factors were the number of kits after equalization and age of the kits at measurement for LW21. The random effects were permanent environmental effect and the additive genetic effect for both traits. The estimated heritability of LW21 and NBA were 0.1±0.01 and 0.06±0.01, respectively. Genetic correlation between the traits was 0.16±0.06. The created selection index had a 50-50% contribution of the measured traits. Nevertheless, the selection index scores showed stronger correlation (0.98) with NBA, than with LW21 (0.36) due to its economic importance

Don toxin mennyiségének változása kovászos tésztában

Absztrakt: Gabonák és a belőlük készült élelmiszerek szabad DON mennyiségét rendeletek szabályozzák annak egészségügyi kockázata miatt. Ismert, hogy a DON toxinok kötött formában is előfordulhatnak, melyek forrásai lehetnek szabad DON képződésnek fermentációs hidrolízis révén. Kísérleteinkben azt vizsgáltuk, hogy a hosszú kovászos technológia miként befolyásolhatja a szabad DON tartalmának mennyiségét. Habár a lisztek előzetes vizsgálata során nem mértünk jelentős mennyiségű ismert kötött, ill. származék DON toxint, mégis szignifikáns DON növekedést (35%) tapasztaltunk már 1 napos fermentációt követően is. Vizsgáltuk, hogy mi lehet az eredete a nagymértékű DON növekedésnek, valamint vizsgáltuk az élesztő mennyiségének befolyásoló hatását a szabad DON megjelenésében. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy lehet olyan ismeretlen DON prekurzor, amelyből jelentős mennyiségű DON képes felszabadulni fermentációs folyamatoknak köszönhetően. Abstract: Content of DON toxin in cereals and cereal based foods is regulated because of its health risk. It is published that DON can be found in masked form what can be a source of DON formation by fermentation. The aim of this study was monitoring the changes of DON content in a longfermentation sourdough baking technology. Although no masked DON or DON derivatives were found in the flour, we have measured significance DON increase (35%) even after one day of fermentation. The source of this considerable DON increase and the influence of the amount of yeast on DON content were studied. The results show that unpublished DON precursor can be the source of DON formation in our fermentation process