3D Printing for Tissue Regeneration

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field and 3D bioprinting has emerged to be the holy grail to fabricate artificial organs. This chapter gives an overview of the latest advances in 3D bioprinting technology in the commercial space and academic research sector. It explores the commercially available 3D bioprinters and commercially printed products that are currently available in the market. It provides a brief introduction to bioinks and the latest developments in 3D bioprinting various organs. The chapter also discusses the advancements in tissue regeneration from 3D printing to 4D printing

Towards a Moral Ecology of Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancement in British Universities

Few empirical studies in the UK have exam-ined the complex social patterns and values behindquantitative estimates of the prevalence of pharmaco-logical cognitive enhancement (PCE). We conducted aqualitative investigation of the social dynamics andmoral attitudes that shape PCE practices among univer-sity students in two major metropolitan areas in the UK.Our thematic analysis of eight focus groups (n=66)suggests a moral ecology that operates within the socialinfrastructure of the university. We find that PCE resilience among UK university students is mediatedby normative and cultural judgments disfavoring com-petitiveness and prescription drug taking. PCE risk canbe augmented by social factors such as soft peer pres-sure and normalization of enhancement within socialand institutional networks. We suggest that moral eco-logical dynamics should be viewed as key mechanismsof PCE risk and resilience in universities. Effective PCEgovernance within universities should therefore attendto developing further understanding of the moral ecolo-gies of PC