The effect of Bam earthquake on blood supply and safety in Shiraz blood transfusion organization, winter 1382.

زمینه و هدف: آگاهی از وضعیت اهدا کنندگانی که در شرایط بحرانی اقدام به اهدای خون می کنند می تواند به پیشگویی سلامت و کفایت خون در شرایط اورژانس کمک نماید. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر زلزله بم بر روی میزان اهدای خون و شیوع عوامل عفونی در سازمان انتقال خون شیراز انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی است که بر روی اهدا کنندگان خون که به دنبال زلزله بم (تا دو روز بعد از زلزله) اقدام به اهدای خون کرده بودند انجام گرفت. خصوصیات دموگرافیک ، دفعات اهدای خون، میزان شیوع بیماریهای منتقله از راه خون و تعداد اهدا کنندگان ثبت و با وضعیت و شیوع عوامل عفونی اهداکنندگانی که در تاریخ مشابه در یک ماه قبل از وقوع زلزله اقدام به اهدا کرده بودند مقایسه گردید. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آمار توصیفی و تحلیلی (مجذور کا) استفاده گردید. یافته ها: در تاریخ 6 و 7 دی ماه 1382، به دنبال زلزله بم 1694 نفر اقدام به اهدای خون کرده بودند در حالی که تعداد اهدا کننده در تاریخ 6 و 7 آذر ماه همان سال 239 بود. تعداد اهدا کنندگان بار اول، مجرد، زن و یا تحصیلات پایین تر به طور معنی داری بالاتر از اهدا کنندگان در شرایط عادی بود (05/0

Understanding core IS capabilities throughout the IS/IT service co-production lifecycle

Prof. Sammon and Dr. Grace have been involved in this research study (i.e. as the senior and co-supervisors) from the Business Information Systems department at the University College Cork, Ireland.During service co-production, the firm and the customer jointly participate in design and delivery of the service by leveraging the customer’s knowledge and preferences to individually tailor the service for the customer. Here, the main challenge is how a firm’s project team may accomplish modifications to meet the customers’ needs within the required timeframe. Thus, this research paper explores the role of project team’s core capabilities during the IS/ IT service co-production lifecycle stages across three case studies. The paper contributes to theory by presenting a matrix model which maps the core capabilities against IS/IT service co-production lifecycle stages. The study also contributes to practice, specifically where firms are looking to enhance their in-house core capabilities in order to improve their IS/IT service co-production involvement with their customers

Three Decades of Transport Infrastructure Development and Travel Behaviour Change in the Netherlands

It is argued that improvements in the supply of transport infrastructure networks affect accessibility, which in turn influences the distribution of land uses, activities linked to them and eventually the travel behaviour of individuals. Identifying the extent and rate of change in travel behaviour as a response to change in spatial and socio-demographic characteristics, requires long-term empirical investigation of their interrelation. The assessment of long-term trends can provide guidelines for the type, extent and location of future investments in transport and land use development. This paper explores trends in access to transport infrastructure (proximity to the railway stations), land use (location of inhabitants), socio-demographic characteristics of the travellers and travel behaviour (distance travelled by car, train and active modes and total number of trips per day) over three decades. It uses data from Dutch National Travel Surveys at seven time points of five-year intervals from 1980 to 2010 in the Randstad, the Netherlands. The results indicate that while the total number of trips per day has remained stable over time, total kilometres travelled has risen until the mid-1990s after which it has witnessed a decrease. Further more, the findings suggest that train is increasingly used for travelling longer distances and the location of home municipality and proximity to train stations (within a distance of 500 to 1250 m) are closely related to the total train kilometres travelled

Design principles of interactive play systems for children's outdoor play:A designers’ perspective

In recent years, designers around the world have developed a number of interactive play systems to stimulate children's outdoor play. This paper provides a framework for the design principles used by designers of interactive play systems. In addition, the mechanisms by which these design principles could potentially contribute to stimulating children's outdoor play are discussed based on the COM-B model of behaviour change. The COM-B model is adopted to elaborate the design principles and their mechanisms of action. This model provides a basis for designing healthy behaviour change interventions. It defines behaviour as the result of an interaction between three components that generate behaviour: Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation. The contribution of this paper is to identify the design principles and link them to the underlying factors of children's outdoor play in terms of the components of the COM-B model. Clarifying this link elaborates the mechanisms of action of design principles to stimulate children's outdoor play. An in-depth interview approach is used to explore the designers’ perspectives. The findings of this research contribute to the theory of behaviour change and are beneficial for practitioners, and in particular, interactive designers who develop systems that stimulate children's outdoor play.</p

Built environment and micro-mobility: A systematic review of international literature

Recent innovations in business models and technology have brought out new mobility systems, including shared and electric micro-mobility. A rapidly expanding strand of literature mirrors the micro-mobility’s exponential growth and popularity. While many studies analyze micro-mobility from operations, management and user perspectives, fewer works investigate the micro-mobility and built environment (BE) relationship. This paper systematically reviews the descriptive and empirical studies that investigate this relationship. It analyzes whether, similar to other transportation modes, micro-mobility (e.g., bike-sharing schemes and e-bikes/e-scooters) can potentially influence three BE aspects: urban design, land use, and transportation system. Furthermore, it outlines the recommended changes in the BE to support the micro-mobility and/or enhance the quality of the environment for non-users. This paper investigates the BE and micro-mobility relation at the three levels of node (e.g., the emergence of docking stations and parking stops), link (e.g., the street-level conflicts with walking/cycling/vehicle lanes) and network (e.g., infrastructure network creation and catchment area shifts). In addition, this relation is explored over time, based on the development stage of micro-mobility, the BE aspect (urban design, land use, or transport system), and spatial context (urban or rural). The findings are relevant for urban and transport planners, designers, researchers, policy makers and public authorities. They contribute to a much-needed evidence base for effective design and policy recommendations to accommodate micro-mobility in the BE to achieve a safe and inclusive public space

Prioritising Health in Mobility Planning:Assessing Health and co-benefits in European Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans

Transport can influence health both positively and negatively through various detrimental and beneficial pathways. Transport policies that promote health offer major environmental and economic co-benefits and are critical for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To date, few studies have empirically examined the degree to which health goals and outcomes have been incorporated into urban mobility plans. This work assesses how much health is addressed in current Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs), including the extent to which: i) health and its various aspects like health equity are highlighted, ii) transport pathways to health and their associated health outcomes are made explicit, and iii) health is operationalised into targets and KPIs and the health-rationale of various actions and measures is elaborated. A three-step method is used: i) developing a health dictionary and a policy analysis checklist, ii) conducting a quantitative text analysis on a dataset of 230 SUMPs, and iii) performing a detailed qualitative analysis of a purposive sample of 13 SUMPs across Europe. The findings show that while health is often touched upon, and its prominence seems to be increasing, SUMPs miss out on the opportunity to embrace mobility as a driver of health promotion. The link between transport and equity, and social and mental wellbeing is not frequently discussed. Detailed targets and key performance indicators (KPIs) for several health pathways are scarce or missing, as are the health rationale and health outcomes for proposed measures. Overwhelmingly SUMPs’ health aspirations are concerned with minimising detrimental impacts of transport on health, primarily from traffic injuries and to a lesser extent from air pollution. Health related concepts such as accessibility and active travel feature prominently but are not seen as an opportunity to enhance health. It is recommended to highlight the role of transport policy not only in reducing adverse health effects, but also as an opportunity for health enhancement.</div

The Influence of Built Environment Characteristics on the Occurrence of Crime in Neighbourhoods of Amsterdam: A Geographically Weighted Regression Analysis

Crime in neighbourhoods has a significant impact on the quality of life and safety of the residents. There are theories that suggest the relation between the built environment characteristics and the occurrence of crime. These theories suggest that designing the built environment in a particular way could reduce the number of criminal activities, the fear of crime and the victimisation of residents and legitimate users of the area. However, there is little empirical research on this topic. In recent years, the amount of open and spatial data has increased which enables to test these theories empirically. This current study aims to understand the influence better of built environment characteristics on the amount of crime in the neighbourhoods in Amsterdam by using open and spatial data. In this study, firstly existing theories on the relation between crime and built environment characteristics (i.e. land use, street layout, the existence of parking amenities, the existence of greenspace, the existence of street lighting) were discussed. Later, the influence of selected built environment characteristics on the amount of crime in Amsterdam neighbourhoods was empirically tested. Data regarding crimes was obtained from the Dutch police department. It provides crime rates per crime type (burglary, vandalism, violent crimes, drugs and nuisance, and theft) and per neighbourhood. The data regarding built environment characteristics were gathered from Open Street Map and Amsterdam open data, and they were processed for further analysis. In order to look into the relation between the occurrence of crime in neighbourhoods of Amsterdam and the built environment characteristics, firstly an exploratory regression analysis was performed on the different crime types, and then a geographically weighted regression analysis was conducted to identify local variations. The results show that different types of crime were influenced by different characteristics of the built environment. Moreover, variations in the neighbourhoods were observed. One of the findings of this research is that tourist attractions strongly correlate with the amount of crime. Another interesting finding is that mixed land‐use is negatively correlated with the amount of crime. In general, it can be concluded that the built environment does have an influence on the occurrence of crime and that this influence differs among crime types. Moreover, different characteristics of the built environment influence different types of crime. The results of this study provide insights for policy recommendations both for necessary data and urban design with respect to crime prevention

Product Market Fit Frameworks for Lean Product Development

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version.To succeed in today’s dynamic and evolving markets, businesses need to continuously design products that meet the demands of the customer. While such demands can be difficult to fulfil, they offer businesses the opportunity to evolve their business models, deepen their skill-sets and knowledge, expand into new markets, and scale their operations. To stay viable amid accelerating change, businesses need product development frameworks that anchor the mental models for designing products that fit the market. However, evidence suggests that many start-up businesses lack such models. This completed research paper makes two important contributions to academia and practice. First, a conceptual framework that links the concepts of product viability, feasibility, and usability/desirability to lean product development is developed. Second, an evaluation framework that enables businesses to design products that fit their markets is proposed. The frameworks are grounded in design science literature and their utility has been evaluated through the industry engagements of the research team. The theoretical limitations of the lean concept are exposed and its implications for R&D practitioners and academic researchers are highlighted