Trigeminal nerve schwannoma

Trigeminal schwannomas are uncommon slow growing encapsulated tumours composed of schwann cells. Trigeminal schwannomas are the second most common type of schwannoma, after the far more common acoustic schwannoma. In this case definite diagnosis could not be made after 1 CT (computerized tomography) scan and 3 MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) (outside hospital) but finally after proper clinical examination and discussion with radiologist about the best diagnostic imaging in this case we reached to a diagnosis of trigeminal nerve schwannoma after MRI brain with contrast

Congenital herpes infection: An unusual presentation

Maternal genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection, asymptomatic in 70% of cases. Mostly infection is acquired duringintrapartum period or postnatally through contact with mucocutaneous lesions. Primary neonatal herpetic infection outside the oralcavity is uncommon, but there are well-documented ocular cases, with or without associated oral lesions. A high index of clinicalsuspicion is the key for early antiviral treatment initiation and better outcome

Comparison of feeding practices among rural and urban mothers and their effect on nutritional status of children

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional status in infants based on infant feeding practices among rural and urban areas. Methods: An observational study was carried out in the Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary care hospital of New Delhi. The present study included a total of 1000 children, of which 500 were from rural and 500 from urban background over a period of 1 year. Information on breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices was recorded. Results: In this study, we found that early initiation of breastfeeding (within 1 h after birth) was significantly more common in urban area as compared to rural(71.8% vs. 54.2%; p=0.001). Significantly higher proportion of mothers in urban population (88.0%) was frequently breastfeeding their children than rural ones 76.0% (p=0.001). Practice of night feeding was same in both the groups. Practices of giving prelacteal feeding were significantly higher in rural than in urban area (50.2% vs. 18.4%; p=0.001). Children in whom complementary feeding was introduced beyond 6 months had significantly higher occurrence of malnutrition (68.6% vs. 55.4%; p=0.004). Type of complementary feed did not affect the occurrence of malnutrition. Conclusion: Exclusively, breastfed children below 6 months of age and children where complementary feeding is introduced timely at 6 months have lower incidence of malnutrition as compared to those given top feeding before 6 months and inappropriate complementary feeding beyond 6 months of age

Thyroid dysfunctions in patients with chronic renal failure

Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF), or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a progressive, irreversible deterioration in renal function in which the body’s ability to maintain metabolic and fluid and electrolyte balance fails, resulting in the development of clinical symptoms like uraemia or azotemia. Thyroid hormones have an important role in regulating metabolism, development of the kidney, maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis, protein synthesis and influencing other hormone function. Tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) are the two main hormones produced by the thyroid. The patients with chronic renal failure often exhibit clinical features and laboratory findings which are indicative of thyroid dysfunction, since, kidney is involved in the metabolism and elimination of TH.Methods: This was a cross sectional single centre descriptive study, including 50 patients of either gender between the age of 45-70 years.Results: Present study found a significant positive correlation between the TSH levels and Zulewski score in patients with CRF.Conclusions: Since there was found to be a correlation between the TSH levels and Zulewski score, the evaluation of symptoms and signs with Zulewski score in addition to thyroid function testing in patients with thyroid dysfunction is essential, since it can be a marker for CRF

Total laparoscopic hysterectomy in patients with previous caesarean section: experience at a tertiary care center in India

Background: With a surge in the rate of caesarean deliveries, the number of patients undergoing hysterectomy with a previous caesarean section for gynecological complaints has also increased. The presence of intra-abdominal and bladder adhesions to the uterus is the main concern in such cases, resulting in higher complication rates. This study aimed to determine the challenges and complications encountered during TLH in patients with previous caesarean sections. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study analysing data from the medical records of 243 patients who had undergone TLH for various gynecological conditions in a single tertiary care center from January 2018 to January 2021. Patients were categorized into two groups namely no previous CS (n=193) and previous CS (n=50). The surgical outcomes of those patients including major complications were measured. Results: The clinical characteristics of the two groups were comparable except for the patient’s age with younger patients in the previous CS group (p=0.001). There was no difference in terms of surgical indications, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and hospital stay between the groups. Operating time was significantly more in the previous CS group (p=0.001). One patient sustained a bladder injury in a previous CS group. The conversion rates to laparotomy in the previous CS and no CS groups were not statistically significant. Significant hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion was noted in two patients (4%) in the previous CS group and one (0.51%) patient in the no CS group (p=0.108). Conclusions: TLH can be safely performed with lower complication rates by an experienced surgeon in patients with prior history of caesarean section

Demographic and clinical profile of brought in dead cases to pediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital

Background: The incidence of brought in dead (BID) is high in tertiary hospitals, but there is a lack of proper audit and relevant data of these cases. Objective: The current study aimed to assess the demographic characteristics and clinical profile of BID patients presenting in emergency department (ED) of a tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. All children between 0 and 12 years who were BID at the pediatric ED in a tertiary hospital between February 2018 and December 2018 were included. Data were collected on demography, history of illness, treatment seeking history, and details about transport to the hospital. Microsoft Excel was used for analysis. Results: A total of 64 BID cases were included in the study, of which 39% cases belonged to the neonatal age group. Most of the referrals were from government hospitals. Of total neonatal deaths, 44% were preterm babies; 52% of neonates had a previous history of hospitalization. Among previously hospitalized cases, 56% were discharged and 22% took their child against medical advices. Conclusion: It is crucial that the government reinforces the measures to avoid the existence of clandestine health centers. Improving referralcounter-referral system will permit the limitation of fatal medical errors. This study expects to bring the focus on BID so that future studies explore the possible strategies to contain this problem

Trigeminal nerve schwannoma

Trigeminal schwannomas are uncommon slow growing encapsulated tumours composed of schwann cells. Trigeminal schwannomas are the second most common type of schwannoma, after the far more common acoustic schwannoma. In this case definite diagnosis could not be made after 1 CT (computerized tomography) scan and 3 MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) (outside hospital) but finally after proper clinical examination and discussion with radiologist about the best diagnostic imaging in this case we reached to a diagnosis of trigeminal nerve schwannoma after MRI brain with contrast

Various stages in stress–strain curve of Ti–Al–Nb alloys undergoing SIMT

Ti–Al–Nb alloys in the present range of composition were found to exhibit a typical four-stage behaviour observed in alloys undergoing stress-induced martensitic transformation (SIMT) in β as well as α2–β heat-treated condition. Intermittent unloading–reloading during tensile test was used to measure the apparent modulus at regular strain intervals. This coupled with the observation of microstructure of the samples from tensile tests interrupted at each of the four stages was used to identify the operative mechanism of each stage.© Elsevie

P. vivax malaria presenting as shock an unusual manifestation: Case series

Shock as a manifestation of Plasmodium vivax infection is rarely reported. Four children aged 8 – 12 years with severe vivax malaria presented with shock. Thrombocytopenia was detected in all cases. There were no bleed from any site. Diagnosis of P. vivax was made by blood smear and rapid diagnostic tests. All patients did not responded to initial fluid boluses and improved on steroid and anti malarial therapy being artesunate combination therapy