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    Extraction of Brown Coals from Kansk-Achinsk and Lena Basins with Toluene and Water Containing Fluids

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    The conversion of different brown coals from the Kansk-Achinsk and Lena Basins in an aqueous medium and in toluene containing mixtures with water and tetralin additives was studied under supercritical conditions over the temperature range of 375-550 Β°C and at pressures from 7 to 40 MPa. It was found that the liquefaction of brown coals in the medium of toluene solvent with small amount of hydrogen-donor tetralin co-solvent effectively occurred at low temperature 400 Β°C. On the other hand, coal methanation, hydrolysis, and oxidation reactions with the predominant generation of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen prevailed in the water containing mediums. In a supercritical toluene at 440 Β°C, the addition of a small amount of water (15 %) stimulated destruction of coals with the predominant production of liquid products and moderate gas yields. The use of calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide and hematite as the catalysts increased the yields of liquid products.Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ Канско-Ачинского ΠΈ ЛСнского бассСйнов Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС ΠΈ Π² смСси Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΎΠ»Π° с Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ свСрхкритичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ… Π² Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π»Π΅ 375-550Β°Π‘ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ 7 Π΄ΠΎ 40 MPa. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² срСдС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΎΠ»Π° с Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ нСбольшого количСства сорастворитСля Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ эффСктивно происходит ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ 4000 Β°C. Π’ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС проходят Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ мСтанирования, Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ окислСния Π±ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² основном Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½Π°, диоксида ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°).Π’ срСдС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΎΠ»Π° Π² свСрхкритичСских условиях ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 400Β°Π‘ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ нСбольшого количСства Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ (15 %) стимулируСт процСсс дСструкции ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ прСимущСствСнно ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² качСствС ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² оксида ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†ΠΈΡ, гидроксида натрия ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° позволяСт ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²

    Extraction of Brown Coals from Kansk-Achinsk and Lena Basins with Toluene and Water Containing Fluids

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    The conversion of different brown coals from the Kansk-Achinsk and Lena Basins in an aqueous medium and in toluene containing mixtures with water and tetralin additives was studied under supercritical conditions over the temperature range of 375-550 Β°C and at pressures from 7 to 40 MPa. It was found that the liquefaction of brown coals in the medium of toluene solvent with small amount of hydrogen-donor tetralin co-solvent effectively occurred at low temperature 400 Β°C. On the other hand, coal methanation, hydrolysis, and oxidation reactions with the predominant generation of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen prevailed in the water containing mediums. In a supercritical toluene at 440 Β°C, the addition of a small amount of water (15 %) stimulated destruction of coals with the predominant production of liquid products and moderate gas yields. The use of calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide and hematite as the catalysts increased the yields of liquid products.Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ Канско-Ачинского ΠΈ ЛСнского бассСйнов Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС ΠΈ Π² смСси Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΎΠ»Π° с Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ свСрхкритичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ… Π² Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π»Π΅ 375-550Β°Π‘ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ 7 Π΄ΠΎ 40 MPa. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² срСдС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΎΠ»Π° с Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ нСбольшого количСства сорастворитСля Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ эффСктивно происходит ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ 4000 Β°C. Π’ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС проходят Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ мСтанирования, Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ окислСния Π±ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² основном Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½Π°, диоксида ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°).Π’ срСдС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΎΠ»Π° Π² свСрхкритичСских условиях ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 400Β°Π‘ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ нСбольшого количСства Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ (15 %) стимулируСт процСсс дСструкции ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ прСимущСствСнно ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² качСствС ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² оксида ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†ΠΈΡ, гидроксида натрия ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° позволяСт ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²
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