Characterization of bacteria associated with lichens found in cold environment

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IB2] 地球環境変動の解析と地球生命システム学の構築11月19日（木）　統計数理研究所 セミナー室1（D305

Electronic Effects in Oxidation Reactions Utilizing Dinuclear Copper Complexes with the Bis[3-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)phenyl] Sulfone Ligand

Copper acetate and the ligands bis[3-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylideneamino)phenyl] sulfone and bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)phenyl] sulfone were reacted to form the complexes with 2:1 copper:ligand ratio, Cu2[B(t-Bu) (OMe)BAPS](µ-OCH3)2 (4) and with 2:2 copper:ligand ratio, Cu2[B(t-Bu)2BAPS]2 (5), respectively. Structures of 4 and 5 were determined based on IR, UV-Vis, and FAB-MS data in comparison with previously characterized related copper complexes. The two complexes 4 and 5 were utilized in the oxidation of the substrates 2,4- and 2,6-di-tertbutylphenol (dtbp) at -50C with H2O2 in CH2Cl2. The coupling products are preferred in both cases. For 2,4-dtbp, yields of 4,600% and 7,200% of 3,3’,5,5’-tetra-tert-butyl-2,2’- biphenol were achieved with the use of 4 and 5, respectively. For 2,6-dtbp, yields of 1,900% and 400% of 3,3’,5,5’-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4’-biphenol were realized utilizing 4 and 5, respectively. These show that the methoxy groups activated the complex. Based on low temperature UV-vis results, a µ-η2 :η2-peroxo or a µ-hydroperoxo intermediate was possibly formed by the reaction of 4 with the H2O2. This effected the oxidation of the 2,4- and 2,6- dtbp substrates but also resulted in the attack of other complexes which acted as substrates. A proposed oxidation mechanism using complex 4 and related complexes is presented

Measurements of reactive nitrogen produced by tropical thunderstorms during BIBLE-C

The Biomass Burning and Lightning Experiment phase C (BIBLE-C) aircraft mission was carried out near Darwin, Australia (12°S, 131°E) in December 2000. This was the first aircraft experiment designed to estimate lightning NO production rates in the tropics, where production is considered to be most intense. During the two flights (flights 10 and 13 made on December 9 and 11-12, respectively) enhancements of NOx (NO + NO2) up to 1000 and 1600 parts per trillion by volume (pptv, 10-s data) were observed at altitudes between 11.5 and 14 km. The Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) cloud (brightness temperature) data and ground-based lightning measurements by the Global Positioning and Tracking System (GPATS) indicate that there were intensive lightning events over the coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, which took place upstream from our measurement area 10 to 14 h prior to the measurements. For these two flights, air in which NOx exceeded 100 pptv extended over 620 × 140 and 400 × 170 km2 (wind direction x perpendicular direction), respectively, suggesting a significant impact of lightning NO production on NOx levels in the tropics. We estimate the amount of NOx observed between 11.5 and 14 km produced by the thunderstorms to be 3.3 and 1.8 × 1025 NO molecules for flights 10 and 13, respectively. By using the GPATS lightning flash count data, column NO production rates are estimated to be 1.9-4.4 and 21-49 × 1025 NO molecules per single flash for these two flight data sets. In these estimations, it is assumed that the column NO production between 0 and 16 km is greater than the observed values between 11.5 and 14 km by a factor of 3.2, which is derived using results reported by Pickering et al. (1998). There are however large uncertainties in the GPATS lightning data in this study and care must be made when the production rates are referred. Uncertainties in these estimates are discussed. The impact on the ozone production rate is also described. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union

Autoinjection of electrons into a wake field using a capillary with attached cone

Copyright 2009 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Physics of Plasmas, 16(12), 123103, 2009 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.327115

Spectrum modulation of relativistic electrons by laser wakefield

Copyright 2008 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Applied Physics Letters, 93(8), 081501, 2008 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.297123