Effect Of Terramycin And Copper On The Growth Of Turkeys

Studies on the use of feed additives has occupied much attention at this research center. Addition of 60 ppm copper (Cu) has been shown to improve growth rate of turkeys up to 8 weeks of age, while 120 ppm Cu depressed growth at this age, presumably due to inhibition of the utilization of sulfur amino acids. Our previous study (POULTRY 82-2) has also shown that Terramycin at 80 g per ton improved rate of gain up to 12 weeks of age. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of a combination of Neomycin and Terramycin (Neo-Terramycin) and copper on the growth of turkeys

Strain Effects With Low Protein Layer Diets

Previous studies at the South Dakota Experiment Station showed that average hen-day egg production over fifteen 28-day periods was reduced from 70 to 67% when the protein content of the diet was lowered from 16 to 12%. Furthermore, the combined addition of methionine and lysine depressed production to 61%. Tryptophan appeared to somewhat alleviate the depression effect caused by methionine and lysine, whereas isoleucine did not further improve hen performance

Amino Acid Additions to a 12% Protein Corn-Soy Diet for Layers

Earlier studies at this station have indicated that, when a 16% protein, cornsoybean meal diet is diluted to 10.8% protein with glucose and supplemented with 0.15% DL-methionine, 0.19% L-lysine, 0.2% DL-isoleucine and 0.04% DL-tryptophan, 71% egg production was obtained. However, the following supplements were without further effects—0.1% DL-threonine and 0.05% DL-valine with 0.25 and 0.5% glycine alone and in all combinations or with glycine and glutamic acid each at 0.25, 0.5 and 1% levels

Responses of Two Strains to Amino Acid Additions in Low Protein Layer Diets

It is well agreed among scientists that the better the balance of amino acids in the diet of poultry, the lower the bird\u27s requirement for dietary protein. Generally, a lower protein content should result in lower cost of production and increased economic return. Studies at the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station showed that low protein com-soy diets for egg production are deficient in methionine, lysine arid tryptophan. A beneficial response was obtained in a recent study when the combination of isoleucine and valine was added to a 10% protein diet containing additions of methionine, lysine and tryptophan. Furthermore, a genetic influence on amino acid requirements was evident since the three strains of laying hens \u27responded differently to amino acid additions. Valine supplementation appeared to correct the amino acid imbalance resulting from the tryptophan addition for one strain and isoleucine corrected the imbalance for the other two strains

Amino Acid Additions to a Low Protein Corn-Soy Diet for Egg Production

The study to be reported here was conducted to determine if the protein level of layer diets could be lowered from the commonly used 16% level to 12% without reducing the performance of hens. Thirty-six 24-week-old Babcock 300 pullets in groups of six were placed in cages and randomly assigned to each dietary treatment. The formulas for the basal diets are shown in table 1. The first treatment consisted of the 11.8% protein diet with the second treatment containing an additional 0.15% methionine hydroxy analogue. Treatments 3, 4 and 5 were obtained by cumulatively supplementing the diet of the second treatment with 0.2% L-lysine, 0.1% DL-tryptophan and 0.4% DL-isoleucine (table 2). Treatment 6 consisted of the standard 16% protein diet

Wheat Bran In Grower Diets And Subsequent Performance Of Layers

Rearing diets relatively high in fiber content have been shown to improve subsequent performance of laying hens. Whether this was primarily due to the lower energy content of a 12% protein mostly oats diet or the presence of higher fiber could not be clearly established. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 17% wheat bran in an isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet as compared to a corn-soy control diet

Correlation between Epstein-Barr virus infection and disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus: A cross-sectional study

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease for whose pathogenesis viral infections are important. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the main infectious etiological agent. This study aimed to quantitative evaluation of EBV in SLE patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients with SLE diagnosed based on American College of Rheumatology criteria were selected using purposive sampling. All were included in the study after obtaining informed consent for participation. Whole blood samples were taken and buffy coat preparations were isolated to determine viral load using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method and assessment with the SLE disease activity index (SLE-DAI). Results: From a total of 40 patients, 37 cases (92.5%) were women. The EBV test was positive in 67.5% and mean viral load was 5396 ± 1891.9 copy/ml. Twenty of forty patients had active and 50% inactive disease, mean EBV viral loads being 6798 and 28.25 copy/ml, respectively (P-value = 0.003). In terms of the severity of disease activity, 17.5 % of female patients had mild to moderate activity, whilst 32.5% of them had severe activity, with respective viral loads of 5,803.3 and 29.73 copy/ml (P-value = 0.003). Conclusion: The Epstein-Barr viral load in SLE patients with active disease was found to be markedly higher than in inactive cases. Thus, EBV may have an important role in the pathogenesis and activity of SLE. Keywords: Epstein-Barr virus, viral load, systemic lupus erythematosus, real-time PCR, human, infectio

Canola Meal As A Protein Supplement For Laying Hens

Canola meal is obtained from a special strain of rapeseed developed by Canadian plant breeders to be low in erucic acid (an odd-number carbon chain fatty acid) and glucosinic acid, both of which produce undesirable effects in livestock and poultry. With the minimization of these factors, Canola could be a potential for supplying some of the protein needs in animal feeds, and already has become popular in the western Canadian provinces. Because of this it was deemed appropriate to consider Canola for egg production in studying protein sources at South Dakota State University

Effect of Pelleting With And Without Aureomycin On Egg Production

Pelleting of feed or the use of antibiotics has been shown to improve laying hen performance under certain conditions. The results from a previous experiment at this station showed that, while pelleting of a low density diet improved hen-day egg production, bacitracin increased production only during the later stages of production. Feed conversion was considerably improved due to either pelleting or the addition of bacitracin when the hens were over 60 weeks old. Neither form nor level of bacitracin (10, 20 and 40 g/ton) appeared to influence the overall performance

Effect Of Copper On The Sulfur Amino Acid Requirements Of Turkeys

Copper as copper sulfate is often used as a growth promoter and crop mold growth preventative in turkey diets. Addition of 120 ppm copper to turkey diets in a previous study caused a slight decrease in body weights at 8 and 16 weeks of age when the diets contained 75, 85 or 100% of the NRG (1977) recommended sulfur-containing amino acid levels. This level of copper was suspected to decrease sulfur amino acid (S-AA) utilization and cause growth depression. Thus, a factorial experiment was designed to determine the effect of three different levels of copper (60, 120 or 240 ppm) on the growth rate of turkeys as affected by three different levels (75, 100 or 125% of NRG) of S-AA