Exploring Herbal Remedies for Anti-Leishmanial Activity: A Comprehensive Review

- Leishmaniasis remains a serious neglected illness worldwide, posing significant challenges in its treatment due to the side effects of existing medications and the rising cases of parasite resistance resulting from indiscriminate treatment. To address this issue, exploring complementary remedies using natural products presents a promising option by combining the empirical knowledge of local populations with scientific research on the medicinal properties of plants. Several studies have investigated herbal treatments for leishmaniasis; however, more research is needed to identify safe and non-toxic remedies. To consolidate the latest findings, researchers from around the globe have compiled a comprehensive article on herbal and organic medicines used to treat leishmaniasis. While many medicinal plants have not been extensively studied, promising candidates have undergone prospective clinical trials. Recent articles have explored the active constituents of these medicinal plants, such as quinones, phenolic compounds, lignans, tannins, terpenes, and oxylipins, shedding light on their potential therapeutic benefits. Pharmacognosy views medicinal plants as valuable sources for developing novel medications and supporting traditional therapies, offering a practical approach to managing various illnesses. In summary, harnessing the power of natural goods and integrating traditional knowledge with scientific research provides a viable and desirable strategy to combat leishmaniasis, promoting safer and more effective treatment options in the future

Spontaneous perforation of the cystic duct in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a case report

Introduction: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is a complication of group A streptococcal infection, most often originating from the skin. The syndrome is characterized by fever, hypotension and multiple organ failure. Mortality rate may be as high as 80%. Case presentation: A 25-year-old man of Indian origin presented with abdominal complaints, rash and fever after an episode of pharyngitis. The patient was operated and a biliary peritonitis was found caused by perforation of the cystic duct in the absence of calculi. Cholecystectomy was performed, but after the operation, the patient's condition worsened and multi-organ failure developed. Group A streptococci were cultured in blood taken at admission and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome was diagnosed. Treatment consisted of antibiotics, corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and supportive treatment for haemodynamic, respiratory and renal failure. Conclusion: This is a patient with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome complicated by spontaneous perforation of the cystic duct. Spontaneous perforation of the cystic duct is a rare finding, most often reported in children and secondary to anatomic defects. We found only one similar adult case in the literature. Perforation may be due to microthrombosis and ischaemia, and so be a part of the multi-organ failure often found in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

Fish Assemblages, Connectivity, and Habitat Rehabilitation in a Diked Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Complex

Fish and plant assemblages in the highly modified Crane Creek coastal wetland complex of Lake Erie were sampled to characterize their spatial and seasonal patterns and to examine the implications of the hydrologic connection of diked wetland units to Lake Erie. Fyke netting captured 52 species and an abundance of fish in the Lake Erie–connected wetlands, but fewer than half of those species and much lower numbers and total masses of fish were captured in diked wetland units. Although all wetland units were immediately adjacent to Lake Erie, there were also pronounced differences in water quality and wetland vegetation between the hydrologically isolated and lake‐connected wetlands. Large seasonal variations in fish assemblage composition and biomass were observed in connected wetland units but not in disconnected units. Reestablishment of hydrologic connectivity in diked wetland units would allow coastal Lake Erie fish to use these vegetated habitats seasonally, although connectivity does appear to pose some risks, such as the expansion of invasive plants and localized reductions in water quality. Periodic isolation and drawdown of the diked units could still be used to mimic intermediate levels of disturbance and manage invasive wetland vegetation.Received October 1, 2013; accepted March 5, 2014Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141054/1/tafs1130-sup-0001.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141054/2/tafs1130.pd

Review on mixing characteristics in solid-liquid and solid-liquid-gas reactor vessels

Mechanically agitated reactors with single and multiple impeller systems are used in the industry for the various three-phase mixing processes such as crystallization, fermentation, and hydrogenation, etc. The paper reviews the experimental work reported in the literature along with different techniques used for the measurement of the specific quantities such as minimum or critical impeller speed for solid suspension. The work critically surveys the literature and makes specific recommendations for the use of appropriate correlations and conditions to be used for the success of such equipment. This assessment will put all the relevant literature on a common footing and will help to validate work reported earlier