Treacher Collins syndrome-a case report and review of literature

Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) or Franceschetti syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder of craniofacial development with variable expressivity. It is named after E Treacher Collins who described the essential components of the condition in 1900. Incidence of this syndrome is approximately 1 in 50,000 live births and it affects both genders equally. It affects structures which are derivatives of the first and second brachial arches. The most common manifestations of TCS are the antimongloid slanting of the palpebral fissures, colobomas of the lower eyelid, hypoplasia of zygoma and mandible; and a variety of ear abnormalities. This article describes clinical and radiographic features of TCS in an 18 yr old female who had reported to the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with the complaint of forwardly placed upper anterior teeth. Also pathogenesis, prenatal diagnosis, differential diagnosis, management and preventive aspects are discusse

A new technique to determine vertical dimension of occlusion from anthropometric measurement of interpupillary distance

Background: A number of techniques are being practiced for the evaluation of VDO, but none of them is scientifi - cally more accurate than other. Each method advocated has its own limitations. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find correlation between vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and interpupillary distance (IPD). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 dentate subjects comprising of 200 males and 200 females. Anthropometric measurement of VDO was recorded clinically using modified digital vernier caliper. Also, a standardized digital photograph of face was generated from the frontal aspect using a digital camera for the measurement of IPD in millimeters. Correlation between VDO and IPD was studied using Spearman's coefficient. For the execution of regression command and preparation of prediction equations to estimate VDO, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Software Version 11.5 was used. Results: VDO and IPD was more in males compared to females. VDO was significantly and positively correlated with IPD only in males whereas females showed a weak correlation. Hence, regression equation was derived only for males. VDO estimation using regression equation for IPD had a standard error of ± 3.94 in males. Conclusions: Since the variations between VDO and IPD are within the range of 2-4 mm, VDO prediction through this method is reliable and reproducible for male patients. Also, the method is simple, economic, and non invasive; hence it could be recommended for everyday practice to determine vertical dimension of occlusion in case of male patients

Coexistence of two talon cusps and two dens invaginatus in a single tooth with associated radicular cyst-a case report and review of literature

Talon cusp (TC) and dens invaginatus (DI) are relatively rare developmental anomalies which affect the shape of teeth. TC is an additional cusp that projects predominately from the lingual surface of anterior teeth. DI is a deep surface invagination of the crown or root which is commonly detected on routine radiographic examination. Both of these anomalies are observed more frequently in permanent maxillary lateral incisor. Isolated cases of single TC and DI are extensively reported in dental literature. Occasionally two talon cusps (TCs) in the same tooth as well as double and triple invaginations in one tooth are reported separately. Coexistence of these two anomalies in a single tooth is considered extremely rare, but still there are few reported cases. However, coexistence of two TCs and double DI in a single tooth is not reported till date. We hereby report the first case of coexistence of two TCs and double DI in a single tooth of a 23 year old female and use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the management of associated radicular cyst. Also, literature on coexistence of these two anomalies in a single tooth is reviewed

Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) in dentistry: a review

Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-pharmacological method which is widely used by medical and paramedical professionals for the management of acute and chronic pain in a variety of conditions. Similarly, it can be utilized for the management of pain during various dental procedures as well as pain due to various conditions affecting maxillofacial region. This review aims to provide an insight into clinical research evidence available for the analgesic and non analgesic uses of TENS in pediatric as well as adult patients related to the field of dentistry. Also, an attempt is made to briefly discuss history of therapeutic electricity, mechanism of action of TENS, components of TENs equipment, types, techniques of administration, advantages and contradictions of TENS. With this we hope to raise awareness among dental fraternity regarding its dental applications thereby increasing its use in dentistry

Giant Sialolith in the Wharton′s duct causing sialo-oral fistula: A case report and review of literature

Sialolithiasis is the most common salivary gland disease accounting for more than 50% of the cases. Majority of salivary calculi occur in the submandibular gland and its duct. It has male predilection and is often seen in adults. Majority of the calculi are less than 10 mm in size. Calculi > 15 mm in size are considered giant. Giant sialoliths within the parenchyma of the salivary glands are frequently reported in the literature, but they are uncommon in the salivary ducts. The purpose of this article is to report a case of giant sialolith in the Wharton′s duct of a 65-year-old male, which had caused sialo-oral fistula. Literature in English language on "giant sialolith in Wharton′s duct" is reviewed since 1990. Also etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and management aspects are discussed

Pemphigus Vulgaris - Report of 2 Cases

Two cases of pemphigus vulgaris in females are reported with special emphasis on role of Oral Diagnostician, Oral Physician & Radiologists in arriving at proper diagnosis and rendering appropriate treatment

Plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma-a case report and review of literature

Ameloblastoma is categorized into four types; conventional solid (multicystic), unicystic, desmoplastic and peripheral varieties. Unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) may originate de novo as a neoplasm or from the epithelium lining of an odontogenic cyst. When UA arising from cystic epithelium reveals a plexiform pattern of epithelial proliferation without early ameloblastic changes, it is called as "plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma" (PUA). The purpose of this article is to report a case of PUA in 22-year-old male and to discuss its pathogenesis, clinical features and management. Also, an effort is made to review early literature on this entity

Orthodontic management of an impacted maxillary incisor due to odontoma

Odontomas are a heterogeneous group of jaw bone lesions, classified as odontogenic tumors which usually include well-diversified dental tissues. Odontomas are the most common type of odontogenic tumors and generally they are asymptomatic. Two types of odontomas are described: compound and complex based on either the appearance of well-organized tooth-like structures (compound odontomas) or on a mass of disorganized odontogenic tissues (complex odontomas). Compound odontomas have a predilection for the anterior maxilla, whereas complex odontomas have a predilection for the posterior mandible. Odontomas frequently interfere with eruption of teeth leading to their impaction. This is a case report of a 14-year-old girl with an unerupted maxillary right central incisor due to a complex composite odontoma a rare occurrence in anterior maxilla. Surgical excision of the odontoma and orthodontic treatment to get the impacted maxillary right central incisor into alignment is discussed