Changes of Gramine Contents as an Aphid Resistant Substance with Barley Growth

Barley plants may be severely damaged by aphids,mainly because they may transmit viruses,suck food and disrupt tissues. There are resistant lines and susceptible lines in barley to aphids. The changing amounts of gramine from seeding to mature stages were investigated on 27 lines from 1989 to 1991. Barley was sown aound November 20 in the year and harvested in early June. Higher amount of gramine in seeding stage in all lines were detected,then gradually decreased with barley growth until 2 to 3 weeks before the earing stages. At this time aphids had appeared on the barley leaves and increased in population. The susceptible lines had a tendency of greater decrease in gramine content than the resistant lines at the time of aphid population growth. The maximum aphid population was observed from the end of April to early May. The gramine content was almost constant this time. The degradation mechanisms may be important factors determining the defference of resistant and susceptible lines at the aphid population growth stage. The susceptible lines may have a higher activity of degradation mechanism.大麦はアブラムシ類の被害を受けることがある。ウイルス病の伝搬者として、また栄養分の掠奪者と組織細胞の破壊者として、害を及ぼしている。オオムギの系統の中にはアブラムシに対して、抵抗性の系統と感受性の系統がある。インドールアルカロイドであるグラミンはアブラムシを含む各種の動物に対して、毒性を有している。抵抗性と感受性の両者を含む27系統のオオムギについて、幼苗から成熟期迄のグラミン含量の変化を1989、1990、1991年の3年間にわたって調べた。オオムギは前年の11月20日頃播種し、翌年6月上旬に収穫した。全ての系統において幼苗は多量のグラミンを含有していた。抵抗性系統は感受性系統よりも多量に含有していた。この違いは、幼苗期においても成熟期におけるのと同じであった。全系統において、出穂前までの伸長生育期にグラミン含有は漸次減少した。4月初旬の減少し終わった時期に、アブラムシ類は飛来し、繁殖を始めた。4月下旬から5月上旬にアブラムシ類の密度は最高に達した。この時期に近づくに伴い抵抗性系統と感受性系統の明瞭な違いが見られ、グラミン含量の差も明瞭であった。グラミン含量は収穫まで余り変化せず、葉の老熟に伴う水分消失のため、単位重量当たりの換算値では多量になっていた。感受性系統は抵抗性系統に比べて、アブラムシ類が飛来し、繁殖する時期に、グラミンの分解が盛んで、少量のグラミンのみしか検出されなかった。分解に関与する機構が感受性系統では抵抗性系統よりも高いことが、系統間の差の大きな原因と推定された

Relationship between Resistance to Cereal Aphids and Gramine Concentration in Beer Barley

To beer barley resistance to cereal aphids, the relationship between the aphid density and gramine concentration was examined in various barley lines including beer barley cultivars. All beer barley cultivars tested were resistant or moderately resistant to the aphids, especially Asahi 5 and Haruna Nijo were similar to a wild line, H603 (W603), for checking resistant. However, these beer barleys contained much less gramine than the wild barley line, suggesting that another resistant factor(s) affects cereal aphid density.ビールムギを含む各種オオムギへのアブラムシの寄生数と、グラミン含量に注目して実験を行った。用いたビールムギは他のオオムギに比べ、アブラムシに比較的抵抗性を示すものが多く、極端な感受性を示す品種はなかった。特に、アサヒ5号やハルナ2条は野生系統H603（W603）に近い抵抗性を示した。ビールムギのグラミン含量はいずれも低く、アブラムシの寄生密度との間には負の相関が見られなかった

EFFICACY OF HOMOGENOUS BONE GRAFTING IN MCCUNE-ALBRIGHT SYNDROME

A case of McCune-Albright syndrome is reported. The patient was a girl aged 8 years. The chief complaints were gait disturbance and a limp. Roentgenograms showed collapse and severe varus deformity of the femoral neck on the right side with 64° of neck-shaft angle. She had an episode of vaginal bleeding at the age 7 years. Valgus osteotomy of the right proximal femur for the correction of coxa vara and a bone transplantation of an allograft from her mother were performed. Seventy degrees of correction were obtained and the discrepancy of limb length was 1cm after the operation. Roentgenograms showed sufficient callus and solid union between the fragments and the grafted bone 1 year after the operation. Frozen allograft bone was very effective in stimulating bone induction even in fibrous lesions of a patient with McCune-Albright syndrome. Immunology of bone grafts, HLA antigens, osteogenesis in grafts, and the etiology of McCune-Albright syndrome were discused

Papillo-Choledochectomy in the Operative Management of Mucosal Neoplasms of the Periampullary Region

Two patients with mucosal cancer of the periampullary region were treated with papillocholedochectomy, which entails removal of the papilla of Vater and the whole length of the common bile duct. The neoplasm is dissected out through the plane between the duodenal circular and longitudinal muscles, deep to the sphincter of Oddi and the fibromuscular layer of the bile duct. Pathological examination showed that cancer was confined to the mucosal layer without stromal invasion, and that the operation achieved radical cure. For mucosal cancer, papillo-choledochectomy is an alternative to pancreatoduodenectomy, provided that repeated frozen-section studies confirm the completeness of excision