23 research outputs found
Efficiency of RAPD and SSR markers in assessing genetic diversity in summer onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes
The genetic diversity assessment of agricultural crops is crucial for breeding programs aimed at enhancing crop yield, resistance to diseases, and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. In the present investigation, a comparative genetic relationship in sixteen onion genotypes was assessed utilizing dominant (RAPD) and co-dominant (SSR) marker systems. Ten RAPD and nine SSR markers showed genetic diversity remarkably and produced 503 and 107 amplicons respectively. Spearman rank correlation was used to compare the different efficiency parameters in two marker systems with respect to sixteen onion genotypes. The genetic relationship based on similarity matrix values between a pair of cultivars was higher for SSR markers than for the RAPD marker system. OPC-04 (RAPD primer) and ACM-004 (SSR primer) witnessed the highest poly-morphic bands along with other polymorphic markers that proved to be useful in grouping onion genotypes. Finally, dendrograms were constructed and compared following the mantel test to find out the genetic diversity among the germplasms. This study will be effective for a selection of efficient primers and suitable marker systems to distinguish the onion genotypes in the future
Towards controlled partial desolvation of guest-responsive Metal-Organic Frameworks for precise porosity control
Desolvation of guest responsive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) under dynamic vacuum often leads to the collapse of the pores whereas supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) drying was found to be the best alternative way to overcome the challenge of MOF desolvation. Nevertheless, some of the MOFs collapse during desolvation by SC-CO2 drying method. SC-CO2 drying always leads to complete desolvation of the MOFs except the metal-coordinated solvent molecules. However, controlled and partial desolvation of the MOFs can be a possible way to restrict the pore collapse of the frameworks. The importance of nuanced desolvation is demonstrated for two iso-structural newly designed tetra-carboxylic acid-based Cu-MOFs (DUT-202, DUT-203). These MOFs switch to a contracted pore phase upon complete desolvation of the solvent molecules either by vacuum treatment or SC-CO2 drying method. Therefore, a controlled desolvation technique has been followed to activate DUT-202, 203 while the closely trapped DMF remains coordinated which is essential to retain the microporous nature of the framework. Acetone-exchanged Cu-MOFs were treated under argon flow to replace the weakly connected solvent molecules inside the pores but not the strongly trapped guest molecules and the activated phases were found to have open pore phase with microporous nature. Interestingly the contracted pore phase can be reopened by heating in DMF for several hours
Role of Anions in the Formation of Multidimensional Coordination Polymers: Selective Separation of Anionic Toxic Dyes by 3D-Cationic Framework and Luminescent Properties
The
role of anions in the formation of diversified coordination
polymers (CPs) of a flexible bidentate ligand (<b>L</b>), containing
an aliphatic-aromatic spacer (<i>p</i>-xylyl) between amidopyridine
moieties, has been explored. The reaction of <b>L</b> with Cd(II)
or Cu(II) salts of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>, ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup>, and SiF<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup> resulted in the single crystals of eight
CPs. The X-ray diffraction analyses of the single crystals reveal
that the CPs contain 1D-zigzag (SiF<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup>), open (4,4)-network (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> and SCN<sup>–</sup>), and the interpenetrated 2D-networks with (4,4)-
and (6,3)-topologies and pseudodiamondoid network (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup> and ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>). These results
clearly indicate that the presence of tetrahedral anions favored the
interpenetration of the 2D- and 3D-networks. The resultant cationic
CPs are explored for their dye adsorption ability based on the charge
transfer interaction between the framework and ionic dye. Among all
CPs, complex <b>8</b> containing a 3D-interpenetrated diamondoid
network was found to show remarkable ability for the uptake of anionic
dyes such as fluorescein dianion (FSD) and methyl orange (MO). The
ability of <b>8</b> to selectively adsorb anionic dye was utilized
for the separation of the MO from cationic dye such as methylene blue.
Further, the FSD adsorbed material of <b>8</b> was shown to
exhibit enhanced luminescence properties
Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Infection: Recent Insights and Its Significance in the Piggery Sector
Porcine circovirus (PCV), a member of the Circoviridae family within the genus Circovirus, poses a significant economic risk to the global swine industry. PCV2, which has nine identified genotypes (a–i), has emerged as the predominant genotype worldwide, particularly PCV2d. PCV2 has been commonly found in both domestic pigs and wild boars, and sporadically in non-porcine animals. The virus spreads among swine populations through horizontal and vertical transmission routes. Despite the availability of commercial vaccines for controlling porcine circovirus infections and associated diseases, the continuous genotypic shifts from a to b, and subsequently from b to d, have maintained PCV2 as a significant pathogen with substantial economic implications. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of the biology, genetic variation, distribution, and preventive strategies concerning porcine circoviruses and their associated diseases in swine
Two-Dimensional Coordination Polymers with “X”-Shaped Cavities as Adsorbents of Oxoanion Pollutants and Toxic Dyes
The
role of cationic and neutral two-dimensional (2D) coordination
polymers (CPs) in the efficient capture of inorganic pollutants (chromate
and dichromate) and toxic dyes has been explored. Two cationic CPs
with Ag(I) salts of BF<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup> and ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup> anions and one neutral CP with Cd(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> of bis(pyridylcarboxamide) ligands have been
structurally characterized, and it was found that all of them have
isostructural 2D CPs. The sorption of chromate/dichromate by CPs via
anion exchange mechanism was shown to depend not only on the nature
of the network but also on the nature of the anion present in the
as-synthesized host. Among three CPs, the BF<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup> containing Ag(I) CP exhibited a better ability of sorbing chromate
and dichromate from very dilute solution of sorbates (10<sup>–4</sup> M). On the other hand, neutral Cd(II) CP containing NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> ion were found to have a better ability to sorb
chromate/dichromate from somewhat concentrated (10<sup>–1</sup> M) solutions. Further, BF<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> containing CPs exhibit selective sorption
of chromate from the solution containing mixture of CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup>, and BF<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup> in equimolar
concentrations. The structure of chromate sorbed material was determined
with the help of the as-synthesized Cd(II) CP of chromate. Further,
Ag(I) CP containing BF<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup> ion and Cd(II)
CP containing NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> ion have shown the
ability for selective dye sorption and luminescence based detection
of dichromate ions, respectively
Unavoidable front contact model of Si solar cell through a generalized effective medium approximation approach
Fill factor of the solar cell mainly depends on series resistance and contact resistance, which are the most effective parameters to collect carriers (electrons and holes) from both electrodes of C-Si solar cells. We have used both mathematical and experimental approaches to reduce these resistances for enhancement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) by increasing fill factor. After processing by light-induced plating (LIP) for metal contact, the PCE of solar cell is obtained as 14.43%, which is 8.8% more than that before LIP processing
Co(II)-Doped Cd-MOF as an Efficient Water Oxidation Catalyst: Doubly Interpenetrated Boron Nitride Network with the Encapsulation of Free Ligand Containing Pyridine Moieties
Development of an
efficient and inexpensive water oxidation electrocatalyst
using the earth-abundant elements is still far to go. Herein, a novel
strategy has been demonstrated for developing the OER electrocatalyst
by doping Co(II) in to a three-dimensional Cd-based MOF that contains
a naked pyridine moieties in the form of uncoordinated ligand. Electrochemically
active CoCd-MOF was resulted through the doping of Co(II) into the
inactive Cd-MOF. CoCd-MOF exhibited very high catalytic activity in
water oxidation reaction. An overpotential of 353 mV is required to
produce an anodic current density of 1 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> under alkaline
conditions. Further, the CoCd-MOF exhibits remarkable recyclability
over 1000 cycles
Data publication: Unravelling the water adsorption mechanism in hierarchical MOFs: insights from in situ positron annihilation lifetime studies
Positron lifetime data for in situ humidity measurement
Estimation of σ‑Donation and π‑Backdonation of Cyclic Alkyl(amino) Carbene-Containing Compounds
Herein, we present a general method
for a reliable estimation of the extent of π-backdonation (C<sub>cAAC</sub>←E) of the bonded element (E) to the carbene carbon
atom and C<sub>cAAC</sub>→E σ-donation. The C<sub>cAAC</sub>←E π-backdonation has a significant effect on the electronic
environments of the <sup>15</sup>N nucleus. The estimation of the
π-backdonation has been achieved by recording the chemical shift
values of the <sup>15</sup>N nuclei via two-dimensional heteronuclear
multiple-bond correlation spectroscopy. The chemical shift values
of the <sup>15</sup>N nuclei of several cAAC-containing compounds
and/or complexes were recorded. The <sup>15</sup>N nuclear magnetic
resonance chemical shift values are in the range from −130
to −315 ppm. When the cAAC forms a coordinate σ-bond
(C<sub>cAAC</sub>→E), the chemical shift values of the <sup>15</sup>N nuclei are around −160 ppm. In case the cAAC is
bound to a cationic species, the numerical chemical shift value of
the <sup>15</sup>N nucleus is downfield-shifted (−130 to −148
ppm). The numerical values of the <sup>15</sup>N nuclei fall in the
range from −170 to −200 ppm when σ-donation (C<sub>cAAC</sub>→E) of cAAC is stronger than C<sub>cAAC</sub>←E
π-backacceptance. The π-backacceptance of cAAC is stronger
than σ-donation, when the chemical shift values of the <sup>15</sup>N nuclei are observed below −220 ppm. Electron density
and charge transfer between C<sub>cAAC</sub> and E are quantified
using natural bonding orbital analysis and charge decomposition analysis
techniques. The experimental results have been correlated with the
theoretical calculations. They are in good agreement