An Agricultural Irrigatıon Management System Based on the Internet of Things With MQTT Protocol

Abstract There are several factors upon which the yield of a crop depends. Water, external temperature, humidity, the fertility of the soil, etc. Among these, water is a vital and scarce resource, and thereby more human attention is needed. When and how to water the plants are the two important things to consider in agricultural irrigation! Modernizing agriculture with the help of smart technologies is a promising solution. This project presents an automated irrigation system for agriculture-based out of several low-cost sensors that monitor and maintain the soil moisture based on real-time data from the field with very low form factor compared to the existing systems. This automated system is a combination of low-cost hardware, IoT, and cloud server. The ESP8266 MCU installed in the field will collect all the sensor data from the crops and send it to the cloud server, thingspeak, for storage via Wi-Fi. The farmers can monitor the stored or real-time data on their mobile or in a web portal. They can also check the status of the pump at any time from anywhere. The amount of moisture required for a specific type of crop is predetermined and saved in the system thereby human presence can be decreased and can effectively make the system automated.</jats:p

Ayurvedic Management of Kitibha Kushta

Psoriasis is long lasting, non-contagious autoimmune disease. Characterized by scaly patches on skin with dry and reddish discoloration. In India incidence rate of psoriasis about 2% to 4%, steroids and immunosuppressive drugs are the treatment option in contemporary science. Due to their limitation and high chance of recurrence. Present case report, A 50 years old female patient presented with a 1 month history of itching and whitish scaly patches on the skin diagnosed as Kitibha kushta (psoriasis). The patient was treated with 15 day course of Shamanaushadi, including Tab. Gandakarasayana, Arogyavardini vati, Cap. Guggulu tiktaka ghrita, and Bactimo ointment. Significant improvement was observed within 15 days, with no signs of recurrence. The treatment protocol adopted based on the Ayurvedic principles, targeting the Vatakapha dosha predominance in Kitibhakushta. This case report highlights the effectiveness of Shamanaushadi in managing psoriasis and support further research to explore its potential as a complementary therapy

Chemoprevention of Colon Cancer by DFMO, Sulindac, and NO-Sulindac Administered Individually or in Combinations in F344 Rats

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are promising colorectal cancer (CRC) chemopreventive drugs; however, to overcome NSAIDs&rsquo; associated side effects, there is a need to develop safer and efficacious approaches. The present study was designed to evaluate (i) the efficacy of nitric-oxide releasing (NO)-Sulindac as compared to Sulindac; (ii) whether NO-Sulindac is superior to Sulindac in enhancing low-dose difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)-induced chemopreventive efficacy, and (iii) assessing the key biomarkers associated with colon tumor inhibition by these combinations. In F344 rats, colonic tumors were induced by azoxymethane (AOM). At the adenoma stage (13 weeks post AOM), groups of rats were fed the experimental diets containing 0 ppm, 500 ppm DFMO, 150 ppm Sulindac, and 200 ppm NO-Sulindac, individually or in combinations, for 36 weeks. Colon tumors were evaluated histopathologically and assayed for expression levels of proliferative, apoptotic, and inflammatory markers. Results suggest that (except for NO-Sulindac alone), DFMO, Sulindac individually, and DFMO combined with Sulindac or NO-Sulindac significantly suppressed AOM-induced adenocarcinoma incidence and multiplicities. DFMO and Sulindac suppressed adenocarcinoma multiplicity by 63% (p &lt; 0.0001) and 51% (p &lt; 0.0011), respectively, whereas NO-Sulindac had a modest effect (22.8%, p = 0.09). Combinations of DFMO plus Sulindac or NO-Sulindac suppressed adenocarcinoma incidence (60%, p &lt; 0.0001; 50% p &lt; 0.0004), and multiplicity (81%, p &lt; 0.0001; 62%, p &lt; 0.0001). Rats that were fed the combination of DFMO plus Sulindac showed significant inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. In addition, enhancement of p21, Bax, and caspases; downregulation of Ki-67, VEGF, and &beta;-catenin; and modulation of iNOS, COX-2, and ODC activities in colonic tumors were observed. These observations show that a lower-dose of DFMO and Sulindac significantly enhanced CRC chemopreventive efficacy when compared to NO-Sulindac alone, and the combination of DFMO and NO-Sulindac was modestly efficacious as compared to DFMO alone

Antidiabetic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Wedelolactone in RIN-5F Cell Line

We synthesized the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using wedelolactone (WDL) and characterized them using UV-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), transmission electron microscopic (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopic (AFM) studies. The electronic spectrum exhibited an absorption peak at 535 nm. The FT-IR results proved that WDL was stabilized on the surface of AuNPs by acting as a capping or reducing agent. The crystalline structure was affirmed by XRD pattern and the spherical shape of WDL-AuNPs was evidenced by SEM, TEM, and AFM. The synthesized WDL-AuNPS were evaluated for anti-diabetic activity in pancreatic RIN-5F cell lines. In vitro results showed that WDL-AuNPs did not only improve the insulin secretion affected by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), but also the cell viability in RIN5F cells. WDL-AuNPs treatment modulates the pro-apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins expression to prevent the cells undergoing apoptosis in DEHP-exposed RIN-5F cells. The exposure of DEHP causes an increase in ROS production and lipid peroxidation levels. The free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of WDL-AuNPs increase the deleterious effect caused by DEHP. On the other side, WDL-AuNPs increase mRNA expressions of insulin-signaling proteins in RIN-5F cells. This study concludes that WDL-AuNPs can be successfully used to regulate the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, reduce lipid peroxidation, and to improve the secretion of antioxidants and insulin through the GLUT2 pathway in RIN-5F cell lines.</jats:p