NAJZNAČAJNIJE OSNOVE PATOGENEZE COVID-19

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus infection occurred in the People's Republic of China with an epicentre in the city of Wuhan. On February 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization assigned the official name of the infection caused by the new coronavirus – COVID-19. COVID-19 has affected people from all over the world given that the infection was noted in 200 countries resulting in annunciation of the pandemic situation. Human corona viruses cause mild to moderate respiratory infections. At the end of 2002, a new coronavirus appeared (SARS-CoV), the causal agent of atypical pneumonia, which caused acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The initial stage of COVID-19 infection is the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into target cells that have angiotensin converting enzyme type II receptors. The virus enters the body through the respiratory tract and interacts primarily with toll-like receptors (TLRs). The events in SARS-Cov-2 induced infection follow the next scenario: epithelial cells via TLRs recognize and identify SARS-Cov-2, and after that the information is transmitted to the transcriptional NF-κB, which causes expression of the corresponding genes. Activated in this way, the epithelial cells begin to synthesize various biologically active molecules. The results obtained on preclinical material indicate that ROS generation increases and the antioxidant protection decreases, which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV, as well as in the progression and severity of this respiratory diseasePublishe

Morphofunctional changes in urological syndrome in cats

Feline lower urinarytract disease (FLUTD) is a life-threatening condition in cats, especially in obstructive males. In a clinical situation, early diagnosis and correction of this condition is very important, otherwise the disease ends in death. FLUTD manifested by stranguria, pollakiuria, dysuria, and, in severe cases, hematuria and obstruction by anuria. This article discusses the features of the clinical course of FLUTD in 5 cats with obstructive idiopathic cystitis. Animals were selected with a similar history, they were animals from 3 to 7 years old, with exclusively home keeping, no walking and a diet consisting of dry commercial food. All animals underwent a complete clinical examination, complete blood count, general urinalysis, ultrasound of the genitourinary system and heart. For two weeks, the animals underwent a complex treatment consisting of infusion therapy, anesthesia with dexmedetomidine and NSAIDs (meloxicam), which led to clinical recovery in all animals within 14 days, all animals on an ongoing basis were prescribed amitriptyline, observation of the animals for 6 months did not reveal a relapse of the disease

The change in the energy metabolism of broiler chickens under the influence of

The intensive development of domestic poultry farming determines the urgent need to achieve the environmental safety of the industry's products, which excludes the introduction of feed antibiotics into the poultry diet. In addition, the existing instability in the market for domestic biological products, whose share is currently no more than 40% and continues to decline steadily, dictates the need to search for approaches to import substitution. An example of a current trend in poultry farming is the use of domestic veterinary drugs of natural origin, which include probiotic feed additives containing cultures of live lactic acid microorganisms, typical representatives of which are enterococci. A wide search for bio-technologically valuable microorganisms among representatives of the genus Enterococcus allowed us to isolate and characterize the Enterococcus faecium ICIS 96 strain, which is promising for creating a probiotic feed additive. It is known from the literature that lactic acid microorganisms are able to regulate the metabolism of poultry. It is appropriate to assume that the culture of E. faecium ICIS 96, when introduced into the diet of poultry, can have a beneficial effect on energy metabolism. Clarification of this assumption determined the purpose of our work

Corneal ulcers associated with FHV-1 in cats

Corneal ulcer is a common pathology of the anterior part of the eye in cats, of various etiologies, but clinically manifested stereotypically, by the loss of corneal epithelium with a positive fluorescein test and pain. An analysis of 184 cases of various problems of the organs of vision revealed that the incidence of this pathology in the Rostov region is more than 70%. Corneal ulcers of any etiology with simultaneous infection caused by FHV-1 respond better to therapy with systemic antiviral and anti-collagenase drugs. Combined therapy of corneal ulcers in cats with the simultaneous administration of “Famciclovir” and heterogeneous serum significantly reduces the recovery time of the corneal epithelium

Clinical case of the secondary glaucoma treatment in a dog by transscleral cyclophotocoagulation

Glaucoma is a common disease in animals, often leading to blindness. Nowadays, there are several treatments for glaucoma. One of promising technique is transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. This article presents a clinical case of treating a dog with bilateral secondary glaucoma complicated by optic atrophy and blindness of the right eye. Thanks to the combination of drug therapy and surgical treatment, a steady decrease in intraocular pressure was achieved

Gas Transport Characteristics of Hemocorrectors and Perfusates Based on Perfluorocarbon Blood-Substituting Emulsions

This review summarizes the data regarding the gas transport characteristics of hemocorrection and perfusates on the basis of low concentrated drugs nano-sized perfluorocarbonic 20% Perftoran (a blood substitute, it is allowed for clinical use in Russia), 20% Ftoremulsion III (an improved blood substitute, registered in Russia), 10-20% Perfusol (a perfusion solution for perfusion of the isolated heart), 20% Ftorem (a cardioplegic emulsion for surgeries on the stopped heart) used in the biomedical field. The compensation of blood loss using traditional plasma substitutes without the gas transport function or with low gas transport characteristics leads to a decrease in the oxygen capacity of the resulting mixture and subsequently to deterioration in the oxygen transport characteristics of blood. The synthetic gas-transport blood substitutes can be used in the treatment of various forms of ischemia, such as carbon monoxide poisoning. Furthermore, recent results regarding the mechanism of COVID19 infection indicate a possible use of the synthetic gas-transport blood substitutes in the treatment and therapy of COVID19 infected patients

Fundamental Basis of COVID-19 Pathogenesis

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus infection occurred in the People’s Republic of China with an epicentre in the city of Wuhan. On February 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization assigned the official name of the infection caused by the new coronavirus – COVID-19. COVID-19 has affected people from all over the world given that the infection was noted in 200 countries resulting in annunciation of the pandemic situation. Human corona viruses cause mild to moderate respiratory infections. At the end of 2002, a new coronavirus appeared (SARS-CoV), the causal agent of atypical pneumonia, which caused acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The initial stage of COVID-19 infection is the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into target cells that have angiotensin converting enzyme type II receptors. The virus enters the body through the respiratory tract and interacts primarily with toll-like receptors (TLRs). The events in SARS-Cov-2 induced infection follow the next scenario: epithelial cells via TLRs recognize and identify SARS-Cov-2, and after that the information is transmitted to the transcriptional NF-κB, which causes expression of the corresponding genes. Activated in this way, the epithelial cells begin to synthesize various biologically active molecules. The results obtained on preclinical material indicate that ROS generation increases and the antioxidant protection decreases, which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV, as well as in the progression and severity of this respiratory disease