Performance of direct antifungal susceptibility testing compared to the standard method.

a<p>Error rates are calculated according to ISO <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0114834#pone.0114834-ISO1" target="_blank">[22]</a> and FDA <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0114834#pone.0114834-FDA1" target="_blank">[23]</a> guidances. Very major errors (%) - number of false susceptible results of direct AFST divided by the number of isolates tested resistant by the standard method, major errors (%) - number of false resistant results of direct AFST divided by the number of susceptible isolates as determined by the standard method, minor errors (%) - number of false categorizations involving intermediate result divided by the total number of tested isolates.</p><p>Performance of direct antifungal susceptibility testing compared to the standard method.</p

<i>Candida</i> species identification rates by using direct MALDI-TOF MS method, n = 24.

a<p>Identification rate was not calculated due to the low number of isolates.</p><p><i>Candida</i> species identification rates by using direct MALDI-TOF MS method, n = 24.</p

Results of antifungal susceptibility testing by direct inoculation method compared to standard Vitek 2 method from 24 h sub-cultures.

a<p>MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration. MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ were not calculated for single species due to the low number of isolates.</p>b<p>intrinsic resistant.</p><p>Results of antifungal susceptibility testing by direct inoculation method compared to standard Vitek 2 method from 24 h sub-cultures.</p

Dynamic Modeling of a Liquid–Liquid Extraction ColumnAn Industrial Approach

Model-based evaluation and optimization of technical extraction columns are necessary when the product specifications of a technical system (TS) are not reached. However, state-of-the-art models are parameterized and validated using standard test systems (STSs) of highest purity. In contrast to that, TSs are characterized by an incomplete list of components, impurities, and batch-depending physicochemical properties. This divergence between STSs and TSs results in a lack of trust regarding developed model-based approaches for extraction columns. In this paper, an experimental approach for parameterization of a one-dimensional rate-based model is presented. The model is parameterized for a STS leading to a weighted absolute percentage error, WAPE̅wAcetone,out, of 8.53%. The parameter set is then used for a TS leading to a WAPE̅wTC,out of 17.43%. The distribution coefficient is the most sensitive model parameter as a change in the distribution coefficient of 3% yields a relative change of WAPE̅wTC,out by 19.39%. Varying the fluid dynamics parameters Sauter diameter and hold-up by 20%, the relative change in WAPE̅wTC,out is 44.03% and only 5.48%, respectively. A recommendation for minimal instrumentation for lab-scale extraction columns and technical large-scale columns is given

Camptotheca acuminata Decne.

原著和名: カンレンボク科名: ヌマミズキ科 = Nyssaceae採集地: 愛知県 南設楽郡 鳳来町 愛知県林業試験場 (三河 南設楽郡 鳳来町 愛知県林業試験場)採集日: 1985/8/13採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH038655国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-988655備考: 旱蓮

Comparison of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from infection and colonization in Nigeria, 2010–2011.

<p>Comparison of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from infection and colonization in Nigeria, 2010–2011.</p

Post-operative view of mice, abscesses, and biofilm staining of catheters.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036602#pone-0036602-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1A</a>, I: Implantation of a 1-cm long sterile PVC catheter segment subcutaneously subsequent to anesthetizing, shaving, and making a small incision in each flank of the mouse. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036602#pone-0036602-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1A</a>, II. Abscess formation in a mouse 7 days post inoculation with <i>S. epidermidis</i> O-47. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036602#pone-0036602-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1B</a>: Subcutaneous abscesses from mice 7 days after inoculation of <i>S. epidermidis</i> O-47; III) BALB/c mouse with a dose of 10⁷, IV) CD-1 mouse with a dose of 10⁸, and V) B6J mouse with a dose of 10⁹ CFUs and safranin-stained PVC catheters from BALB/c mice 7 days after inoculation of <i>S. epidermidis</i> O-47; VI) dose of 10⁷, VII) dose of 10⁸, and VIII) dose of 10⁹ CFUs.</p

Distribution of MRSA CC398 in different clinical and screening specimens.

1<p>number of isolates associated with MRSA CC398/all isolates from the respective specimen typed in the respective period of time (%).</p>2<p>first half-year 2012.</p

Putative livestock-associated MRSA among hospital inpatients and ambulatory patients attending general practitioners and specialists in outpatient care.

1<p>associated MLST clonal complex (CC) for the LI <i>spa</i> types as described in literature.</p>2<p><i>spa</i> types detected in LA-MRSA from German livestock in other studies (number of isolates detected in this study).</p

Minimum spanning tree for Methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> for 34 isolates from refugee patients.

<p>Isolates from refugee patients (yellow circles) from September 2015-September 2016 and similar samples from non-refugee-patients (n = 40, violet circles). Each circle representing a unique allele profile based on 1861 cgMLST target genes in the isolates with the “pairwise ignoring missing values” option turned on in the SeqSphere⁺ software during comparison. The thickness on connecting lines (not to scale) displaying the number of differing alleles between the genotypes. Circles are numbered according to the ascending order of date of collection with one month including 10 numbers on average.</p