Quantitation of viral RNA levels of H5N1 RNP complexes containing PB2 mutations.

<p>293T cells were co-transfected with expression plasmids of NP, PA, PB1 and either wild type (WT) of indicated PB2 mutants with amino acid substitution of E158G, T271A or E627K, together with pPolI-NA plasmid. Total cellular RNA was isolated after 48 hours post-transfection and subjected to quantitative RT-PCR for segment 6 (NA genes) transcripts. Cells were incubated at (A) 33°C, (B) 37°C. RNA levels were expressed as relative activity to wild-type. Results shown are means with standard deviations from three independent assays. *indicates <i>P</i><0.05 when compared to wild-type.</p

Comparison of <i>in vitro</i> polymerase activity of reconstituted RNP complexes.

<p>Activities of polymerase complexes with a single gene replacement following expression in human 293T cells. (A) H5N1 polymerase complexes substituted with one H3N2 gene, (B) H3N2 polymerase complexes substituted with one H5N1 gene, (C) H5N1 polymerase complexes substituted with one H1N1pdm09 gene, and (D) H1N1pdm09 polymerase complexes substituted with one H5N1 gene, were analyzed in 293T cells transfected with the indicated plasmids of NP, PA, PB1 and PB2 together with pPolI-vNP-Luc and a reporter plasmid pGL4.73. Cells were incubated at 33°C and 37°C. Polymerase activity was normalized with the expression of a reporter plasmid. Relative polymerase activity (%) was expressed as relative activity to the corresponding parental vRNPs. Results shown are means with standard deviations from three independent assays.</p

Comparison of <i>in vitro</i> polymerase activity of H1N1pdm09, seasonal H3N2, avian H5N1, and WSN H1N1.

<p>293T cells were co-transfected with expression plasmids of NP, PA, PB1 and PB2 together with pPolI-vNP-Luc and a reporter plasmid pGL4.73 [hRluc/SV40], encoding a <i>Renilla</i> luciferase gene. Cells were incubated at (A) 33^o and (B) 37°C. Polymerase activity was normalized with the expression of a reporter plasmid. Relative polymerase activity (%) was expressed as relative activity to WSN H1N1 in percentage. Results shown are means with standard deviations from three independent assays. *indicates <i>P</i><0.05 when compared to WSN H1N1, and ***indicates <i>P</i><0.001 when compared to H5N1.</p

Polymerase activity of H5N1 RNP complexes containing mutations E158G, T271A and E627K in PB2.

<p>293T cells were co-transfected with expression plasmids of NP, PA, PB1 and either wild type (WT) or PB2 mutants with the indicated amino acid substitution of E158G, T271A or E627K, together with pPolI-vNP-Luc and a reporter plasmid pGL4.73. Cells were incubated at (A) 33°C, (B) 37°C. Polymerase activity was normalized with the expression of a reporter plasmid. Relative polymerase activity (%) was expressed as relative activity to WT. Results shown are means with standard deviations from three independent assays. *indicates <i>P</i><0.05 when compared to WT.</p

Knowledge on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (N = 444).

<p>Knowledge on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (N = 444).</p

Participant Characteristics (N = 444).

<p>HPV: Human Papillomavirus.</p

Preference and reasons to choose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (bivalent vs. quadrivalent) in practice for adolescent girls aged 10–17 years.

a<p>Percentages in brackets were valid % which excluded missing variables.</p

The assoication between preferred vaccine (Cervarix® vs. Gardasil® vs. no preference) and the reasons to choose vaccines (A to N).

<p>(A: Stronger protection; B: Safety; C: Lower price; D: More HPV types; E: Protect against genital warts; F: Better antibody response; G: Long-lasting immunity; H: Cross-protection for other cancer-associated HPV types; I: Better adjuvant; J: Patients think it’s better; K: Practice management; L: Selected by the Government; M: Credibility of manufacturer; N: Comprehensive service of manufacturer). All comparisons among vaccine preference groups across reasons to choose vaccine categories (A to N) were statistically significant (p<0.05).</p

Attitude towards the importance of public health strategies to promote human papillomavirus vaccination.

<p>(A: Partial (∼30%) subsidy by the Government; B: Fully paid by the Government; C: Price offered at 50% discount; D: School immunization program with market price; E: Immunization program jointly organized by school and community doctors with market price).</p

Practice of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination according to recommendations, age groups and sex.

<p>Practice of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination according to recommendations, age groups and sex.</p