5 research outputs found
Looking Backward to the Problem of the Deep-Sea Caspian Fauna
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠΏΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ 60-100 ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²:
Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Π² Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
, Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ, Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ².The causes of strong decrease of biomass, number and species diversity of the benthos at the depth
60-100 m and absent of specific deep-sea fauna in Caspian are represented below. The reason of this
phenomenon is complex of factors: unstable oxygen conditions in deep-sea valleys, worse trophic
conditions than on shelf and formation of bottom fauna under strong grazing pressure of sturgeons.
Due to constant grazing pressure there is always place for the juveniles that decrease or even eliminate
intraspecific competition for the place. In conditions of weak competition species have no cause to
colonize new place that stopped formation of deep-sea species
Looking Backward to the Problem of the Deep-Sea Caspian Fauna
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠΏΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ 60-100 ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²:
Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Π² Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
, Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ, Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ².The causes of strong decrease of biomass, number and species diversity of the benthos at the depth
60-100 m and absent of specific deep-sea fauna in Caspian are represented below. The reason of this
phenomenon is complex of factors: unstable oxygen conditions in deep-sea valleys, worse trophic
conditions than on shelf and formation of bottom fauna under strong grazing pressure of sturgeons.
Due to constant grazing pressure there is always place for the juveniles that decrease or even eliminate
intraspecific competition for the place. In conditions of weak competition species have no cause to
colonize new place that stopped formation of deep-sea species
Influence of Trophic Relations in the Shelf Communities on Benthos: Trophic Structure and the Effects of Grazing Pressure
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ: ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎ-, ΡΠ²- ΠΈ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ; ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎ- ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² β Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π°Π³ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ.
ΠΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π°Π³ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ; Π² ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ.
ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠΏΠΈΡ, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²
ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅,
ΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ» ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ r-ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊ Π-ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΠΌ; ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Influence of the plankton and nekton on the benthos, which form total shelf community is considered.
Trophic structure of benthos of different parts of the World Ocean shelves has been reviewed and made
its classification. Three types of trophic structure are oligotrophic, eutrophic and hypertrophic; a brief
description of each of the three types is given. In oligotrophic and eutrophic structures distribution of
food formed trophic zonation and was caused by the interaction of three factors β geomorphological
structure of the shelves, speed of bottom currents and intensity of organic matter sedimentation
from the pelagic zone. Hypertrophic structures occur at very high organic matter sedimentation
causes kills and, as a result, the trophic structure of benthos is determined by the oxygen regime. In
Caspian, grazing of benthivorous fish, sturgeon, became a very strong factor which even takes place
in speciation, and adaptive responses of benthic organisms and the entire benthic community to this
effect are defined. Because of intensive grazing pressure, benthos organisms become smaller, their life
cycle is shorter, that is typical for r-strategists; however, all other properties belong to K-strategists.
Beside that, intensive grazing causes drastic reduction in the role of carnivores, whose functions are
taken over by the sturgeon
Influence of Trophic Relations in the Shelf Communities on Benthos: Trophic Structure and the Effects of Grazing Pressure
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ: ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎ-, ΡΠ²- ΠΈ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ; ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎ- ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² β Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π°Π³ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ.
ΠΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π°Π³ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ; Π² ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ.
ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠΏΠΈΡ, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²
ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅,
ΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ» ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ r-ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊ Π-ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΠΌ; ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Influence of the plankton and nekton on the benthos, which form total shelf community is considered.
Trophic structure of benthos of different parts of the World Ocean shelves has been reviewed and made
its classification. Three types of trophic structure are oligotrophic, eutrophic and hypertrophic; a brief
description of each of the three types is given. In oligotrophic and eutrophic structures distribution of
food formed trophic zonation and was caused by the interaction of three factors β geomorphological
structure of the shelves, speed of bottom currents and intensity of organic matter sedimentation
from the pelagic zone. Hypertrophic structures occur at very high organic matter sedimentation
causes kills and, as a result, the trophic structure of benthos is determined by the oxygen regime. In
Caspian, grazing of benthivorous fish, sturgeon, became a very strong factor which even takes place
in speciation, and adaptive responses of benthic organisms and the entire benthic community to this
effect are defined. Because of intensive grazing pressure, benthos organisms become smaller, their life
cycle is shorter, that is typical for r-strategists; however, all other properties belong to K-strategists.
Beside that, intensive grazing causes drastic reduction in the role of carnivores, whose functions are
taken over by the sturgeon