USE OF A BALANCED EFFLUENT FROM THE ANAEROBIC REACTOR FOR ALGAE CHLORELLA VULGARIS GROWTH FOR BIOMASS PRODUCTION

The aim of the study was to determine the possible use of the effluent, produced in the process of the anaerobic decomposition of organic substances, as a medium in the cultivation of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The characteristics of efficiency and kinetic of algae growth rate was determined. The scope included balancing of the effluent so as to provide an adequate level of nutrients required for algae growth. The effluent dilutions of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% was tested. The effluent was supplemented with nutrients to create the same conditions as in the synthetic medium. The tested effluent can be used in the intensive cultivation of biomass of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The best results were obtained with the effluent dilution of 75%

Preparation and Characterization of Multifunctional Chitin/Lignin Materials

Multifunctional chitin/lignin materials were synthesized. In order to combine mechanical milling of the biopolymers with simultaneous mixing, a centrifugal ball mill was utilized. The resulting materials, differing in terms of the proportions of precursors used, underwent detailed physicochemical and dispersive-morphological analysis. On the basis of FT-IR spectra and results of elemental analysis, the efficiency of the preparation of the materials was determined. The influence of the precursors on the thermal stability of the resulting systems was also evaluated. Zeta potential was determined as a function of pH to describe the electrokinetic stability of aqueous dispersions. This is important for evaluating the utility of the materials and indirectly confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method of synthesis of chitin/lignin products. Measurements were performed to determine basic colorimetric parameters, crucial in the production technology of multiple colored materials. It is expected that chitin/lignin materials will find a wide range of applications (biosorbents, polymer fillers, and electrochemical sensors), as they combine the unique properties of chitin with the specific structural features of lignin to provide a multifunctional material

LIPID ACCUMULATION OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS UNDER DIFFERENT PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATIONS

The cultivation and utilization of microalgae is now a intensively developing area of research. Some species of microalgae, under appropriate conditions, accumulate large amounts of lipids in the cells. This lipids have a suitable profile of fatty acids for biodiesel production. The culture of microalgae for lipids accumulation should be performed in certain physicochemical conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of variable ortophophates concentrations in the culture medium for lipids accumulation of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and to determine of parameters of the phosphoric shock in the medium. The study confirmed the possibility of the use of the phosphoric shock in the medium to maximize lipids accumulation by the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. In the study, 45.23% of the oil was obtained from the biomass from the culture with phosphoric shock in the medium and 18% less of the oil was obtained from the biomass from the standard culture

USE OF A BALANCED EFFLUENT FROM THE ANAEROBIC REACTOR FOR ALGAE CHLORELLA VULGARIS GROWTH FOR BIOMASS PRODUCTION

The aim of the study was to determine the possible use of the effluent, produced in the process of the anaerobic decomposition of organic substances, as a medium in the cultivation of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The characteristics of efficiency and kinetic of algae growth rate was determined. The scope included balancing of the effluent so as to provide an adequate level of nutrients required for algae growth. The effluent dilutions of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% was tested. The effluent was supplemented with nutrients to create the same conditions as in the synthetic medium. The tested effluent can be used in the intensive cultivation of biomass of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The best results were obtained with the effluent dilution of 75%

IMPACT OF ATHERMIC PROPERTIES OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC MICROWAVE RADIATION ON THE PROCESS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF DAIRY WASTEWATER

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of electromagnetic microwave radiation on the activity of microorganisms during the anaerobic digestion of dairy wastewater. The substrate used in the study was a model dairy wastewater prepared with the use of milk powder. The anaerobic sludge was taken from the anaerobic reactor operated at mesophilic conditions, then it was heated by microwave irradiation (Option 1) or heated in a conventional thermostatic cabinet (Option 2). The study, based on the temperature of the process, was divided into two stages. In the first stage, the temperature of the process was 38°C and in the second stage it was 58°C. The studies showed that the use of microwave electromagnetic field might influence on the biogas production. Furthermore, microwave treatment of anaerobic sludge enhanced the removal of organic compounds in the methane fermentation process

Data from: Intramolecular transformation of an antifungal antibiotic nystatin A1 into its isomer, iso-nystatin A1. Structural and molecular modeling studies

Nystatin A₁, a polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotic, in a slightly basic or acidic solution undergoes an intramolecular transformation, yielding a structural isomer, the translactonisation product, <i>iso</i>-nystatin A₁ with lactone ring diminished by two carbon atoms. Structural evidence is provided by advanced NMR and MS studies. Molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanics calculations gave the insight into the course and mechanism of the transformation and its effect on the conformation of the subject molecule.<br