Reaktív logisztika: átláthatóság és koordináció kulcs-információ-technológiai támogatással

A csillag- vagy küllős alakú (hub-and-spoke) logisztikai hálózatok képesek a logisztikai ipar által korábban ellentmondásosnak tartott követelményeknek megfelelni és lehetőséget biztosít a résztvevő vállalatok egymást kiegészítő kompetenciáinak egyesítésére. Ez azonban szervezeti hetero-genitást feltételez, ami csökkentheti a hatékonyabb működéshez szükséges átláthatóságot. Az ADVANCE projekt célul tűzte ki, hogy áthidalja ezen átláthatósági szakadékokat modellező-, elemző- és döntéstámogató eszközökkel, íly módon kiaknázhatóvá váljon az implicit elérhető potenciál a hálózatban. Kulcs eleme ennek a munkának a reaktív programozási paradigmára épülő adatfolyam keretrendszer, amely lehetővé teszi a résztvevők rendszerei közötti nagy mennyiségű adatáramlást hatékony erőforrás-felhasználás mellett. Azon túl, hogy ez a közös adatfolyam-platform rendelkezésre áll a szállítási folyamat és az egyéb működés adatainak kezelésére, további erőfeszítés szükséges a résztvevők adatmodelljeinek egyeztetéséhez a folyamatok tervezésekor és végrehajtáskor is. A cikk a kihívások kezelésének egyik lehetséges megközelítését mutatja be az ADVANCE Flow Engine keretrendszerben, amely egy strukturális adatleíró-, egy típus-inferencia- és egy reaktív adatfolyam-alapú alrendszer együttműködésére épül

Meta-data alignment in open Tracking & Tracing systems

In Tracking and Tracing systems, attributes of objects (such as location, time, status and temperature) are recorded as these objects move through a supply chain. In closed, dedicated systems, the attributes to record and store are determined at design time. However, in open Tracking and Tracing systems, the attributes are not known beforehand, as the type of objects and the set of stakeholders may evolve over time. Many supply chains require open Tracking and Tracing systems. The participants in the supply chain are individual companies, spread over many countries. Their trading relations change constantly. Usually they participate in multiple supply chains. E.g., a company producing chemicals may serve the chemical industry, the food industry and the textile industry at the same time. Transport companies carry goods for multiple industry sectors. Yet, they play a role in the traceability of all goods they produce or carry. Open tracking and Tracing systems are not dedicated for a certain type of product or object nor for a specific industry sector. They simply record the location, time and other attributes of the identified objects, and store that information in the data store of the object owner, based on the identification (e.g. RFID) tag. What attributes are to be stored is determined by stakeholders, such as (end) users of the object. In some cases (e.g. food) legislation prescribes what to record. An open Tracking and Tracing system therefore needs to be able to dynamically handle the set of attributes to be recorded and stored. In this chapter, a method is presented that enables components of Tracking and Tracing systems to negotiate at run time what attributes may be stored for a particular object type. Components may include scanning equipment, data stores and query clients. Attributes may be of any data type, including time, location, status, temperature and ownership. Apart from simple attributes, associations between objects may be recorded and stored, e.g. when an object is packed in another object, loaded in a truck or container or assembled to be a new object. The method makes use of findings in ontology engineering and of type theory. New types are based on existing types, with some restrictions. Both the range of values of a type and its meta‐attributes (such as cardinality) may be restricted to define a new type. Programmatically, concepts of co‐ and contra variance are used to make the method implementable. The method was developed in two European funded research projects: TraSer and ADVANCE. In TraSer, a truly open and extensible Tracking and Tracing system was developed (TraSer project consortium, 2006; Monostori et al., 2009). In ADVANCE, a distributed management information system for logistics operations was designed and implemented, that makes use of Tracking and Tracing information (ADVANCE project consortium, 2010; Kemény et al., 2011a)

Implications of ideas on super-hydrophobicity for water repellent soil

Water repellence is an important factor in soil erosion due to its role in inhibiting the re-establishment of vegetation after fire and due to its enhancement of run-off. Water repellence is studied across a range of diverse disciplines, such as chemistry, materials, textiles and soil and reclamation science. In recent years many basic studies of water repellence of materials have focused on the role of the sub-mm surface topography of a material in modifying the intrinsic hydrophobicity imparted by the surface chemistry to create super-hydrophobicity. In this report, we first illustrate the types of hydrophobic effects created by a suitable coupling of small scale surface topography with surface chemistry using three examples of materials: an etched metal, a foam and a micro-fabricated pillar structure. These examples demonstrate the general applicability of the ideas and suggest that they could apply to a granular material, such as a fine sandy soil, particularly when the grains have become coated with a hydrophobic layer. This applicability is confirmed by contact angle measurements of droplets of water on hydrophobic sand. A theoretical model describing the application of these ideas to a loose-packed, but regular, array of uniform spherical grains is then presented and discussed. When the grains are in a dry initial state the effect of the surface is to increase the apparent water repellence as observed through the contact angle. However, when the spaces between the grains are initially filled with water, the effect is to provide greater wetting. To qualitatively confirm the enhancement of contact angle caused by the granular structure, model surfaces using 600 µm and 250 µm hydrophobic glass beads were created. On these surfaces, the contact angle of droplets of water was increased from 108° to 126° and 140°, respectively

Residual Complex I activity and amphidirectional Complex II operation support glutamate catabolism through mtSLP in anoxia

Anoxia halts oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) causing an accumulation of reduced compounds in the mitochondrial matrix which impedes dehydrogenases. By simultaneously measuring oxygen concentration, NADH autofluorescence, mitochondrial membrane potential and ubiquinone reduction extent in isolated mitochondria in real-time, we demonstrate that Complex I utilized endogenous quinones to oxidize NADH under acute anoxia. 13C metabolic tracing or untargeted analysis of metabolites extracted during anoxia in the presence or absence of site-specific inhibitors of the electron transfer system showed that NAD+ regenerated by Complex I is reduced by the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase Complex yielding succinyl-CoA supporting mitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation (mtSLP), releasing succinate. Complex II operated amphidirectionally during the anoxic event, providing quinones to Complex I and reducing fumarate to succinate. Our results highlight the importance of quinone provision to Complex I oxidizing NADH maintaining glutamate catabolism and mtSLP in the absence of OXPHOS.</p

Physiological characteristics of heat tolerant and heat susceptible creeping bentgrasses (Agrostis palustris Huds.)

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Physiological responses of Cynodon dactylon Pers. and Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze to chilling temperatures as affected by gibberellic acid

Vita.Low temperature discoloration of warm season turfgrasses occurs with the advent of cool fall temperatures above 0 C but below 10 to 12 C. Total loss of the pigment system and subsequent death of the leaves and stems of the turfgrass plant is the result of physiological disruptions referred to as chilling injury. The objectives of this investigation were to (1 ) describe the visual symptoms of chilling injury, (2 ) observe chloroplast ultrastructure, and (3) monitor carbon dioxide fluxes in chilling resistant and chilling sensitive cultivars of both bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon Pers.) and St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze), while exposed to chilling temperatures and as affected by gibberellic acid. Ormond (chill tolerant) and Pee Dee (chill sensitive) were the two bermudagrass cultivars used. The two St. Augustinegrass cultivars used were Floratam (chill tolerant) and Texas Common (chill sensitive). Bleaching and/or the formation of a purple pigmentation occurred in the leaf blades and stems of both bermudagrass cultivars within 3 days of chilling stress. The symptoms occurred first and proceeded more rapidly on Pee Dee bermudagrass. Both St. Augustinegrass cultivars showed visual symptoms after 5 or more days of chilling stress. Wilting was the first visual symptom apparent on both cultivars.

Physiological responses of Cynodon dactylon Pers. and Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze to chilling temperatures as affected by gibberellic acid

Vita.Low temperature discoloration of warm season turfgrasses occurs with the advent of cool fall temperatures above 0 C but below 10 to 12 C. Total loss of the pigment system and subsequent death of the leaves and stems of the turfgrass plant is the result of physiological disruptions referred to as chilling injury. The objectives of this investigation were to (1 ) describe the visual symptoms of chilling injury, (2 ) observe chloroplast ultrastructure, and (3) monitor carbon dioxide fluxes in chilling resistant and chilling sensitive cultivars of both bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon Pers.) and St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze), while exposed to chilling temperatures and as affected by gibberellic acid. Ormond (chill tolerant) and Pee Dee (chill sensitive) were the two bermudagrass cultivars used. The two St. Augustinegrass cultivars used were Floratam (chill tolerant) and Texas Common (chill sensitive). Bleaching and/or the formation of a purple pigmentation occurred in the leaf blades and stems of both bermudagrass cultivars within 3 days of chilling stress. The symptoms occurred first and proceeded more rapidly on Pee Dee bermudagrass. Both St. Augustinegrass cultivars showed visual symptoms after 5 or more days of chilling stress. Wilting was the first visual symptom apparent on both cultivars.