A comparison of self-assessment and tutor assessment of undergraduate psychology students

The capacity for self-assessment amongst undergraduate psychology students (N = 64) was investigated in comparison to tutor assessments. Students were able to assess their own performance reasonably and accurately. However, higher achieving students underestimated their performance, while the opposite was found for lower achieving students. These results reflect the characteristics of self-enhancement and self-diminishment bias.</jats:p

The Attitudes of Non-Disabled High School Students Toward Same-Age, Same-Sex Peers With Disabilities

254 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1988.The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes of non-disabled high school students toward performing behaviors of various levels of intimacy with peers with disabilities. The three behaviors were either highly intimate, moderately intimate, or of low intimacy. The peers with disabilities were either physically handicapped or educable mentally retarded (EMR). Data were obtained via a closed-format questionnaire completed in accord with the Fishbein and Ajzen theory of reasoned action. In presenting the data, the means used to describe the strength of the relationships between the components of the experimental model and the differences between subjects' responses toward the various experimental conditions were the correlation coefficient and the One-Way ANOVA. Two hundred and eleven students from a university-based midwestern high school completed the questionnaire. Tests of significance (p <.05) indicated that subjects were more favorable in both their attitude toward the performance of behaviors with the target peer with a physical disability than with the non-disabled target peer, and in their attitude toward the performance of these behaviors with the non-disabled target peer and the target peer with the physical disability than with the target peer with EMR. Subjects were also significantly less favorable in their attitude toward the performance of a behavior as that behavior became more intimate. In addition, subjects were favorable in their attitude toward the performance of the low and moderately intimate behaviors with the three types of target peer. However, subjects were more favorable in their attitude toward the performance of these behaviors with the target peer with the physical disability than with the other types of target peer. Subjects tended toward neutral in their attitude toward the performance of the high intimacy behavior with both the non-disabled and physically disabled target peers, and were unfavorable in their attitude toward the performance of this behavior with the target peer with EMR.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

The adaptation of Chinese adolescents in two societies: a comparison of Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong and Australia

T his study aimed to compare the adaptation of two groups of migrant Chinese adolescents with their nonmigrant peers. The migrant adolescents included 55 Chinese migrant adolescents who migrated to Australia (Chinese-Australian) and 111 China-born adolescents who migrated to Hong Kong (Chinese-Hong Kong). The nonmigrant adolescents included 157 Anglo-Australian adolescents residing in Australia and 456 Hong Kong-born Chinese adolescents residing in Hong Kong. There were three research questions in this study. First, would there be any differences in the adaptation of Chinese migrant adolescents in different societies of settlement? Second, would migrant adolescents experience more adaptation problems than nonmigrant adolescents? Third, would there be any differences in the adaptation of adolescents in the two societies, Australia andHong Kong? It was hypothesized that: (1) mainland Chinese migrant adolescents in Hong Kong would experience more adaptation problems than Chinese migrant adolescents in Australia; (2) migrant adolescents would report better adaptation than nonmigrant adolescents; (3) adolescents in Hong Kong would report poorer adaptation than adolescents in Australia. The participants were requested to complete a questionnaire on various adaptation outcome measures including life satisfaction, self-esteem, psychological symptoms, academic satisfaction, and behaviour problems. The results indicated that Chinese-Australian adolescents reported better psychological adaptation but Chinese-Hong Kong adolescents reported better sociocultural adaptation. Adolescents resident in Australia reported higher psychological adaptation but lower sociocultural adaptation than those in Hong Kong. Migrant adolescents reported better psychological and sociocultural adaptation than their nonmigrant counterparts. The results were discussed in relation to the social and educational systems of the two societies

An Ecological Perspective: Therapist Practices with Children who Experienced Abuse and Trauma

This qualitative study explores the life-worlds of therapists working in public settings with children who have experienced abuse and trauma. The study sought to investigate and understand factors which intruded upon and or supported the capacity for therapists in a community clinic to cognitively process and understand supportive and constraining aspects of the professional context. An important focus was the organisational context of therapists. Nine therapists were interviewed to gain an understanding of their experiences and perceptions of the needs of children including factors considered important in therapy, the influences of their organizational context and challenges and rewards of the work. Interpretive analysis of interview data revealed two broad themes identified as relational and systemic. An ecological metaphor was used to conceptualize these themes as they related to therapists and the children with whom they worked. The findings demonstrate the importance of the therapist’s organizational context on how they experience their work and the need to conceptualize therapy with children who have experienced trauma in which the interaction of the child and therapist’s relational and the child’s systemic context are considered

Community Research within a Social Constructionist Epistemology: Implications for ‘Scientific Rigour’

Evaluation research continues to be dominated by the positivist paradigm and a commitment to factual and value free research. Policy makers and associated evaluators, in particular, consistently approach program evaluation from a positivist perspective in which methodological rigor is assessed through their interpretation of valid and generalizable results. More recently, mixed-method approaches have been adopted with qualitative methods used in combination with quantitative. However, the exclusive use of qualitative methods is less regular. With a focus on social justice shifting from the margins to the center of evaluation research, there is a call for qualitative study and participatory evaluation where planning and evaluation are not predetermined and instead embrace the voices of stakeholders and participants. This has coincided with the emergence of various methods and branches of evaluation research including empowerment research evaluation, collaborative research, and community participatory research. This paper advocates a constructionist approach in community engaged research as an appropriate and necessary approach within increasingly culturally diverse societies in Australia and the United Kingdom

Psychological Adaptation and Autonomy Among Adolescents in Australia: A Comparison of Anglo-Celtic and Three Asian Groups

A questionnaire was administered to 426 adolescents to investigate ethnic group differences on eight variables. It was hypothesized that Asian (Chinese, Filipino and Vietnamese) adolescents would score higher on parental authority values, school adjustment and psychological symptoms; and lower on gender relationship/children's rights values, sense of mastery, self-esteem, life satisfaction and behavior problems than Anglo-Australians. Females were hypothesized to report higher scores on psychological symptoms but lower scores on behavior problems and sense of mastery. The results showed all three Asian groups scoring higher on parental authority values. Chinese-Australians reported higher school adjustment scores than Anglo-Australians. The three Asian groups scored significantly lower on gender relationship/children's rights values and behavior problems. But only the Vietnamese-Australians scored lower on life satisfaction; and only the Chinese-Australians reported a lower sense of mastery than Anglo-Australians. There was no group difference on self-esteem. Generation status did not exert an influence on values; but there was an interaction effect with ethnicity) with regards to self-esteem, life satisfaction and school adjustment. The implications in relation to cultural and migration-related factors and cultural values were discussed

Romantic relationship style, coping, identity development and mental health among Chinese and Australian adolescents

Abstract not available

Characteristics and predictors of romantic relationships in late adolescence and young adulthood in Hong Kong and Australia

The aim of this study was to examine occurrence of romantic relationships and relationship break-ups among young adults in Hong Kong and Australia and to explore associations between relationship style, identity status, negative affect, cultural group, and relationship experiences. Data were collected from Chinese tertiary students in Hong Kong (n = 279) and Anglo-Australian tertiary students in Melbourne, Australia (n = 204). Participants completed a questionnaire including demographics, romantic relationship items, the Love Schemas Scale measuring romantic relationship style, the Extended ObjectiveMeasure of Ego Identity Status, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Secure relationship style and more mature identity statuses were associated with having had a romantic relationship. Among those young people with romantic relationship experience, break-ups were less common for those with a foreclosed identity status, skittish (avoidant) relationship style, and Hong Kong Chinese background. Negative mood was higher among those for whom a break-up had been recent. Hurt experienced following a break-upwas greater when the break-upwas partner initiated and among those with less secure relationship styles and identity statuses. Overall, individual factors were stronger predictors of relationship status than cultural factors