HERO (High Energy Ray Observatory) optimization and current status

The High-Energy Ray Observatory (HERO) is a space experiment based on a heavy ionization calorimeter for direct study of cosmic rays. The effective geometrical factor of the apparatus varies from 12 to 60 m$^2$sr for protons depending on the weight of the calorimeter from 10 to 70 tons. During the exposure for $\sim$5 years this mission will make it possible to measure energy spectra of all abundant cosmic ray nuclei in the knee region ($\sim$3 PeV) with individual resolution of charges with energy resolution better than 30\% and provide useful information to solve the puzzle of the cosmic ray knee origin. HERO mission will make it also possible to measure energy spectra of cosmic rays nuclei for energies 1-1000 TeV with very high precision and energy resolution (up to 3\% for calorimeter 70 tons) and study the fine structure of the spectra. The planned experiment launch is no earlier than 2029.Comment: LaTeX,25 pages, 19 figure

Change over Time in the Mechanical Properties of Geosynthetics Used in Coastal Protection in the South-Eastern Baltic

The most massive design on the Baltic shore used geosynthetic materials, the landslide protection construction in Svetlogorsk (1300 m long, 90,000 m2 area, South-Eastern Baltic, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russian Federation) comprises the geotextile and the erosion control geomat coating the open-air cliff slopes. Due to changes in elastic properties during long-term use in the open air, as well as due to its huge size, this structure can become a non-negligible source of microplastic pollution in the Baltic Sea. Weather conditions affected the functioning of the structure, so it was assessed that geosynthetic materials used in this outdoor (open-air) operation in coastal protection structures degraded over time. Samples taken at points with different ambient conditions (groundwater outlet; arid places; exposure to the direct sun; grass cover; under landslide) were tested on crystallinity and strain at break. Tests showed a 39–85% loss of elasticity of the polymer filaments after 3 years of use under natural conditions. Specimens exposed to sunlight are less elastic and more prone to fail, but not as much as samples taken from shaded areas in the grass and under the landslide, which were the most brittle

Aillikites and Alkali Ultramafic Lamprophyres of the Beloziminsky Alkaline Ultrabasic-Carbonatite Massif: Possible Origin and Relations with Ore Deposits

The 650–621 Ma plume which impinged beneath the Siberian craton during the breakup of Rodinia caused the formation of several alkaline carbonatite massifs in craton margins of the Angara rift system. The Beloziminsky alkaline ultramafic carbonatite massif (BZM) in the Urik-Iya graben includes alnöites, phlogopite carbonatites and aillikites. The Yuzhnaya pipe (YuP) ~ 645 Ma and the 640–621 Ma aillikites in BZM, dated by 40Ar/39Ar, contain xenoliths of carbonated sulfide-bearing dunites, xenocrysts of olivines, Cr-diopsides, Cr-phlogopites, Cr-spinels (P ~ 4–2 GPa and T ~ 800–1250 °C) and xenocrysts of augites with elevated HFSE, U, Th. Al-augites and kaersutites fractionated from T ~ 1100–700 °C along the 90 mW/m2 geotherm. Higher T trend for Al-Ti augite, pargasites, Ti-biotites series (0.4–1.5 GPa) relate to intermediate magma chambers near the Moho and in the crust. Silicate xenocrysts show Zr-Hf, Ta-Nb peaks and correspond to carbonate-rich magma fractionation that possibly supplied the massif. Aillikites contain olivines, rare Cr-diopsides and oxides. The serpentinites are barren, fragments of ore-bearing Phl carbonatites contain perovskites, Ta-niobates, zircons, thorites, polymetallic sulphides and Ta-Mn-Nb-rich magnetites, ilmenites and Ta-Nb oxides. The aillikites are divided by bulk rock and trace elements into seven groups with varying HFSE and LILE due to different incorporation of carbonatites and related rocks. Apatites and perovskites reveal remarkably high LREE levels. Aillikites were generated by 1%–0.5% melting of the highly metasomatized mantle with ilmenite, perovskite apatite, sulfides and mica, enriched by subduction-related melts and fluids rich in LILE and HFSE. Additional silicate crystal fractionation increased the trace element concentrations. The carbonate-silicate P-bearing magmas may have produced the concentration of the ore components and HFSE in the essentially carbonatitic melts after liquid immiscibility in the final stage. The mechanical enrichment of aillikites in ore and trace element-bearing minerals was due to mixture with captured solid carbonatites after intrusion in the massif

Ultrahigh-Temperature Sphalerite from Zn-Cd-Se-Rich Combustion Metamorphic Marbles, Daba Complex, Central Jordan: Paragenesis, Chemistry, and Structure

Minerals of the Zn-Cd-S-Se system that formed by moderately reduced ~800–850 °C combustion metamorphic (CM) alteration of marly sediments were found in marbles from central Jordan. Their precursor sediments contain Se- and Ni-enriched authigenic pyrite and ZnS modifications with high Cd enrichment (up to ~10 wt%) and elevated concentrations of Cu, Sb, Ag, Mo, and Pb. The marbles are composed of calcite, carbonate-fluorapatite, spurrite, and brownmillerite and characterized by high P, Zn, Cd, U, and elevated Se, Ni, V, and Mo contents. Main accessories are either Zn-bearing oxides or sphalerite, greenockite, and Ca-Fe-Ni-Cu-O-S-Se oxychalcogenides. CM alteration lead to compositional homogenization of metamorphic sphalerite, for which trace-element suites become less diverse than in the authigenic ZnS. The CM sphalerites contain up to ~14 wt% Cd and ~6.7 wt% Se but are poor in Fe (means 1.4–2.2 wt%), and bear 100–250 ppm Co, Ni, and Hg. Sphalerite (Zn,Cd,Fe)(S,O,Se)cub is a homogeneous solid solution with a unit cell smaller than in ZnScub as a result of S2− → O2− substitution (a = 5.40852(12) Å, V = 158.211(6) Å3). The amount of lattice-bound oxygen in the CM sphalerite is within the range for synthetic ZnS1−xOx crystals (0 < x ≤ 0.05) growing at 900 °C

Enhanced Oil Recovery from Permian-Carboniferous Deposit of High-Viscosity Oil in the Usinsk Oilfield with Physicochemical and Complex Technologies

Приведены результаты лабораторных исследований, промысловых испытаний и промышленного использования на пермо-карбоновой залежи высоковязкой нефти Усинского месторождения разработанных ИХН СО РАН физико-химических и комплексных технологий увеличения нефтеотдачи и ограничения водопритока с применением термотропных гелеобразующих и нефтевытесняющих композиций при естественном режиме разработки и совместно с паротепловым воздействием. Показана технологическая эффективность и экологическая безопасность технологий, их перспективность для промышленного использованияPresented are the results of laboratory studies, field tests and commercial application of the physicochemical and complex technologies created by IPC SB RAS on the Permian-Carboniferous deposit of high-viscosity oil in the Usinsk oilfield. The technologies are intended to enhance oil recovery and for water shutoff using thermotropic gel-forming and oil-displacing systems under natural development practice and together with thermal-steam stimulation. Technological effectiveness and ecological safety of the technologies and their prospects for commercial application are show

Study of strange matter production in the heavy ion collisions at NUCLOTRON

It is proposed to install an experimental setup in the fixed-target hall of the Nuclotron with the final goal to perform a research program focused on the production of strange matter in heavyion collisions at beam energies between 2 and 6 A GeV. The basic setup will comprise a large acceptance dipole magnet with inner tracking detector modules based on double-sided Silicon micro-strip sensors and GEMs. The outer tracking will be based on the drift chambers and straw tube detector. Particle identification will be based on the time-of-flight measurements. This setup will be sufficient perform a comprehensive study of strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions, including multi-strange hyperons, multi-strange hypernuclei, and exotic multi-strange heavy objects. These pioneering measurements would provide the first data on the production of these particles in heavy-ion collisions at Nuclotron beam energies, and would open an avenue to explore the third (strangeness) axis of the nuclear chart. The extension of the experimental program is related with the study of in-medium effects for vector mesons decaying in hadronic modes. The studies of the NN and NA reactions for the reference is assumed