Tonal gestures in Mongolian interrogatives.

The article summarizes a study of tonal courses in Mongolian yes-no and question word interrogatives. The investigation concerns local characteristics of utterances, namely focal and boundary signaling gestures. A phonological analysis of the gestures is proposed based on the acoustic data

An introductory study of Mongolian intonation

This paper presents an introductory study of Mongolian intonation. Some preliminary results on the use of pitch in forming declarative utterances and in signalling focus are presented

Accentuation and deaccentuation in Russian – a functional account

The present article is a functional analysis of intonation in Russian declarative utterances. Pragmatically relevant tonal patterns and their functions are identified and described. Utterances are analysed in terms of theme and rheme. Theme is signalled by a tonal rise and rheme by a falling tonal gesture. Beside thematic and rhematic tonal gestures, other rising accents in the utterance are identified. My claim is that they are important in maintaining balance in prominence in neutral utterances and that they are obligatory parts of a narrative speech style. They are named rhythmical accents. A distinction between three pitch intervals is useful in generating pitch accents with different functions. De¬accentuation is a marked feature of non-neutral utterances with focus. Three types of hat patterns with connective function are recognised

Prominence and Mora in Mongolian

Different opinions about Mongolian prominence structure can be found in the literature. The most puzzling problem is the nature of lexical stress in this language, and neither its placement nor its phonetic nature have been given any final description. We have earlier performed an acoustic investigation of vowel durations, quality and fO to find if any of these three parameters functions as signalling one particular syllable as the most prominent one. Basing ourself on this investigation we reject the existence of lexical stress in Mongolian and find prominence as functioning only at the phrasal level. In the present article two problems are investigated. Firstly, phrasal accentuation is analysed as signalled by tonal means, and we show that the timing of the tonal gestures is best described within a mora analysis of Mongolian. Secondly, we argue for an analysis where nasals in the syllable coda have a moraic function

Fusion transcript analysis reveals slower response kinetics than multiparameter flow cytometry in childhood acute myeloid leukaemia

Funding Information: We thank the employees at the Department of Clinical Chemistry at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Haemodiagnostic Laboratory at the Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet for sample collection, processing and analyses. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Introduction: Analysis of measurable residual disease (MRD) is increasingly being implemented in the clinical care of children and adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However, MRD methodologies differ and discordances in results lead to difficulties in interpretation and clinical decision-making. The aim of this study was to compare results from reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) in childhood AML and describe the kinetics of residual leukaemic burden during induction treatment. Methods: In 15 children who were treated in the NOPHO-AML 2004 trial and had fusion transcripts quantified by RT-qPCR, we compared MFC with RT-qPCR for analysis of MRD during (day 15) and after induction therapy. Eight children had RUNX1::RUNX1T1, one CBFB::MYH11 and six KMT2A::MLLT3. Results: When ≥0.1% was used as cut-off for positivity, 10 of 22 samples were discordant. The majority (9/10) were MRD positive with RT-qPCR but MRD negative with MFC, and several such cases showed the presence of mature myeloid cells. Fusion transcript expression was verified in mature cells as well as in CD34 expressing cells sorted from diagnostic samples. Conclusions: Measurement with RT-qPCR suggests slower response kinetics than indicated from MFC, presumably due to the presence of mature cells expressing fusion transcript. The prognostic impact of early measurements with RT-qPCR remains to be determined.Peer reviewe