Hipertofična kardiomiopatija u 12 pasa (2004. - 2008.): prvi opis u Indiji.

A total of 1276 dogs of various breeds and both sexes were presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Bhoiguda, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad with a history and signs of cardio-pulmonary disorders, from 2004 to 2008. Based on physical, electrocardiographic, radiographic and echocardiographic examinations, 12 dogs were diagnosed with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). No abnormalities were detected from the Complete Blood Count and blood biochemistry, except elevated levels of Creatine Kinase MB and Lactate Dehydrogenase. All the HCM dogs revealed common manifestations such as: exercise intolerance, poor appetite, lethargy, cough, seizures (8 dogs) and syncope (6 dogs) for more than a couple of weeks. The HCM dogs were under treatment for more than a month with diuretics and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors but without any improvement. After supplementation of diltiazem along with ramipril and fursemide, improvement in clinical manifestations were noticed over 3-5 days and complete clinical recovery after 30-60 days. Hence, from the present findings it may be concluded that echocardiography is the most sensitive mode of diagnosis and the role of diltiazem in successful treatment of HCM in dogs is clear.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 12 dogs (2004-2008): first report in Indi

Hypothyroidism- A cause for dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs; four year study (2008-2011)

Aim: The study was carried out to understand the thyroid dysfunction and its association with dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs

Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020

Objectives We verified subnational (state/union territory (UT)/district) claims of achievements in reducing tuberculosis (TB) incidence in 2020 compared with 2015, in India.Design A community-based survey, analysis of programme data and anti-TB drug sales and utilisation data.Setting National TB Elimination Program and private TB treatment settings in 73 districts that had filed a claim to the Central TB Division of India for progress towards TB-free status.Participants Each district was divided into survey units (SU) and one village/ward was randomly selected from each SU. All household members in the selected village were interviewed. Sputum from participants with a history of anti-TB therapy (ATT), those currently experiencing chest symptoms or on ATT were tested using Xpert/Rif/TrueNat. The survey continued until 30 Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases were identified in a district.Outcome measures We calculated a direct estimate of TB incidence based on incident cases identified in the survey. We calculated an under-reporting factor by matching these cases within the TB notification system. The TB notification adjusted for this factor was the estimate by the indirect method. We also calculated TB incidence from drug sale data in the private sector and drug utilisation data in the public sector. We compared the three estimates of TB incidence in 2020 with TB incidence in 2015.Results The estimated direct incidence ranged from 19 (Purba Medinipur, West Bengal) to 1457 (Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya) per 100 000 population. Indirect estimates of incidence ranged between 19 (Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli) and 788 (Dumka, Jharkhand) per 100 000 population. The incidence using drug sale data ranged from 19 per 100 000 population in Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli to 651 per 100 000 population in Centenary, Maharashtra.Conclusion TB incidence in 1 state, 2 UTs and 35 districts had declined by at least 20% since 2015. Two districts in India were declared TB free in 2020

Alkaliphiles : The Versatile Tools in Biotechnology

The extreme environments within the biosphere are inhabited by organisms known as extremophiles. Lately, these organisms are attracting a great deal of interest from researchers and industrialists. The motive behind this attraction is mainly related to the desire for new and efficient products of biotechnological importance and human curiosity of understanding nature. Organisms living in common “human-friendly” environments have served humanity for a very long time, and this has led to exhaustion of the low-hanging “fruits,” a phenomenon witnessed by the diminishing rate of new discoveries. For example, acquiring novel products such as drugs from the traditional sources has become difficult and expensive. Such challenges together with the basic research interest have brought the exploration of previously neglected or unknown groups of organisms. Extremophiles are among these groups which have been brought to focus and garnering a growing importance in biotechnology. In the last few decades, numerous extremophiles and their products have got their ways into industrial, agricultural, environmental, pharmaceutical, and other biotechnological applications. Alkaliphiles, organisms which thrive optimally at or above pH 9, are one of the most important classes of extremophiles. To flourish in their extreme habitats, alkaliphiles evolved impressive structural and functional adaptations. The high pH adaptation gave unique biocatalysts that are operationally stable at elevated pH and several other novel products with immense biotechnological application potential. Advances in the cultivation techniques, success in gene cloning and expression, metabolic engineering, metagenomics, and other related techniques are significantly contributing to expand the application horizon of these remarkable organisms of the ‘bizarre’ world. Studies have shown the enormous potential of alkaliphiles in numerous biotechnological applications. Although it seems just the beginning, some fantastic strides are already made in tapping this potential. This work tries to review some of the prominent applications of alkaliphiles by focusing such as on their enzymes, metabolites, exopolysaccharides, and biosurfactants. Moreover, the chapter strives to assesses the whole-cell applications of alkaliphiles including in biomining, food and feed supplementation, bioconstruction, microbial fuel cell, biofuel production, and bioremediation