O Plágio Acadêmico: um estudo descritivo

Introduction: Introduction: In the field of research, plagiarism is a great villain, and its dissemination prevents the emergence of new ideas and creations. Currently, there are several laws that protect the author, since plagiarism is considered a crime, as it violates copyright, with a penalty that can vary from a fine to imprisonment. However, it is perceived that there is a lack of knowledge of the seriousness of this action since it has become recurrent. Objective: To know and discuss the practice of plagiarism in academia, presenting the types of plagiarism that exist. Material and Method: The research methodology adopted is of an exploratory nature, and bibliographical research was used, which allowed for a theoretical-critical deepening of the theme. Literature Review: there are several types of plagiarism, which is not common knowledge, given that in academia, the practice of plagiarism is often common, because with constant technological innovations, there is a certain ease of access to various scientific productions. However, much has been said about the ethical question, that is, to what extent artificial intelligence can be used, and how much it can be harmful, mainly in the field of research. Final Considerations: It is evident that plagiarism must be combated gradually, and it is necessary that there is a greater discussion about this issue in educational institutions, such as schools, colleges, and universities, it is worth mentioning that digital media are a great ally for expand knowledge and discussion on this subject.Introdução: No âmbito da pesquisa, o plágio é um grande vilão, e sua disseminação impede o surgimento de novas ideias e criações. Atualmente, há diversas leis que protegem o autor, uma vez que plágio é considerado crime, pois viola os direitos autorais, com pena que pode variar de multa a detenção. Contudo, percebe-se que há um desconhecimento da gravidade desta ação, visto que tem se tornado recorrente. Objetivo: Conhecer e discutir sobre a prática do plágio no meio acadêmico, apresentando os tipos de plágio existentes. Material e Método: A metodologia de pesquisa adotada é de caráter exploratório, e utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica, que permitiu o aprofundamento teórico-crítico da temática. Revisão de Literatura: existem vários tipos de plágio, que não é de conhecimento geral, dado que no meio acadêmico, a prática de plagiar, muitas vezes é comum, pois com as constantes inovações tecnológicas, há uma certa facilidade de acesso a variadas produções científicas. No entanto, muito tem se falado sobre a questão ética, isto é, até que ponto a inteligência artificial pode ser usada, e o quanto ela pode ser prejudicial, principalmente no campo da pesquisa. Considerações Finais: É evidente que o plágio deve ser combatido de forma gradual, sendo necessário que haja uma maior discussão a respeito dessa questão em instituições de ensino, tais como escolas, faculdades e universidades, vale ressaltar que as Mídias digitais são um grande aliado para ampliar o conhecimento e a discussão a respeito deste assunto

Nutritional status, body image perception and quality of life for adolescents

Submitted by Cássia Santos ([email protected]) on 2014-10-16T12:32:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Karla Lorena Modena 2013.pdf: 5059300 bytes, checksum: 637a94a8486f6e9cc4045e929d0daade (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva ([email protected]) on 2014-10-20T20:02:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Karla Lorena Modena 2013.pdf: 5059300 bytes, checksum: 637a94a8486f6e9cc4045e929d0daade (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-20T20:02:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Karla Lorena Modena 2013.pdf: 5059300 bytes, checksum: 637a94a8486f6e9cc4045e929d0daade (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-28Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESObjective: To analyze the influence of Body Mass Index percentile on Body Image perception and Quality of Life of adolescents from a large city. Methodology: Cross-sectional study in which a representative sample of healthy adolescents was selected from both private and public schools of a Brazilian capital city. Anthropometric measures were performed in order to calculate Body Mass Index percentile. A scale of Body Image was applied to the adolescents to verify whether there was satisfaction or dissatisfaction and possible Body Image distortion. Self-reported questionnaires were also applied to the adolescents and their parents or responsible adults with questions about the Quality of Life and image the adolescents have about themselves and the view of the parents about the Quality of Life of their children. Results: This study has included 1,168 adolescents aged between 12 and 18, mean of 14.7 (± 1.60), being n=550 (47.1%) male and n=618 (52.9%) female. It was observed that 3.4% of the young people were underweight and 22.4% were either overweight or obese with higher overweight prevalence among male adolescents, the youngest and private schools students. It was verified that 69.4% were dissatisfied with Body Image, 30% of the adolescents wished to gain weight and 39.4% wished to lose it. The majority of the subjects presented Body Image distortion: of those underweight, 35.0% did not regard themselves as thin, 33.8% of the eutrophic individuals did not believe they should belong to this classification, 39.1% of those with overweight did not consider themselves to be so and 62.1% of the obese individuals believed they were just overweight or eutrophic. Regarding Quality of Life, the adolescents presented a self- evaluation better than that of their parents in terms of school, social, physical and global attributes. Concerning the emotional aspects, on the other hand, the adolescents had self-evaluated worse than their parents’ assessment. Male adolescents’ self-evaluation was better than that of female adolescents in terms of emotional, school and social aspects. Older adolescents demonstrated higher Quality of Life scores than the younger ones regarding social, psychosocial and global dimensions. Public school students had higher Quality of Life scores than those of private schools regarding physical, psychosocial and global dimensions. Conclusions: Overweight/obese adolescents are the ones who presented more dissatisfaction with Body Image, mainly the female. Male adolescents presented a greater wish of gaining weight. Body Image distortion was present in adolescents of all Body Mass Index ranges. Adolescents evaluated their Quality of Life better than their parents except regarding the emotional dimension. Older male adolescents and the ones who attend public school presented better Quality of Life.Objetivo: Analisar a influência do percentil do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) sobre a percepção da Imagem Corporal (IC) e a Qualidade de Vida (QV) de adolescentes de uma cidade de grande porte. Metodologia: Estudo transversal onde uma amostra representativa de adolescentes saudáveis de uma capital brasileira foi selecionada de escolas públicas e privadas. Foram aferidas as medidas antropométricas para calcular o percentil do IMC. Uma escala de IC foi aplicada aos adolescentes para verificar se havia satisfação ou insatisfação e a possível distorção da IC. Foram aplicados também aos adolescentes e aos seus pais ou responsáveis questionários auto aplicáveis com perguntas sobre a QV dos jovens, para verificar a visão do próprio adolescente sobre si e a visão dos pais sobre a QV dos filhos. Resultados: Este estudo incluiu 1.168 adolescentes com idades entre 12 e 18 anos incompletos, média de 14,7 (± 1,60), sendo n=550 (47,1%) do sexo masculino e n=618 (52,9%) do feminino. Foi observado que 3,4% dos jovens estavam abaixo do peso e 22,4% estavam com sobrepeso/obesidade com maior prevalência de excesso de peso entre os adolescentes do sexo masculino, os mais jovens e estudantes de escolas privadas. Constatou-se que 69,4% estavam insatisfeitos com a IC, 30% dos adolescentes tinham o desejo de aumentar o peso e 39,4% tinham o desejo de reduzi-lo. A maior parte dos investigados possui a distorção da IC: daqueles abaixo do peso 35,0% não se percebiam magros, 33,8% dos eutróficos não se achava nesta classificação, 39,1% daqueles com sobrepeso não se percebia acima do peso e 62,1% dos obesos achava que estavam apenas com sobrepeso ou eutróficos. Com relação à QV os adolescentes tiveram auto-avaliação da QV melhor que os pais os avaliaram nas dimensões escolar, social, física e global. No aspecto emocional, ao contrário, os adolescentes se avaliaram pior que os pais. Os adolescentes do sexo masculino se avaliaram melhor que as adolescentes do sexo feminino nos aspectos emocional, escolar e social. Adolescentes mais velhos possuiram melhores escores de QV que os mais jovens nas dimensões social, psicossocial e global. Estudantes de escolas públicas tiveram escores de QV superiores aos das escolas privadas nas dimensões física, psicossocial e global. Conclusões: Adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade são os que mais apresentaram insatisfação com a IC, principalmente no sexo feminino. Os adolescentes do sexo masculino apresentaram maior desejo de aumentar o peso corporal. A distorção da IC esteve presente em adolescentes de todas as faixas de variações do IMC. Os adolescentes avaliaram sua QV melhor do que consideraram seus pais, com exceção da dimensão emocional. Adolescentes do sexo masculino, os da faixa etária mais velha e os que estudam em escola pública foram avaliados com melhor QV

White-coat, masked and sustained hypertension detected by home blood pressure monitoring in adolescents: prevalence and associated factors

Purpose: Population-based studies estimating prevalence’s of white-coat, masked and sustained hypertension in non-European adolescents are needed, particularly in developing countries. Aiming to determine these estimates and, additionally identify factors associated to these conditions this study was conducted. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample of secondary school students from a Brazilian state capital. Office measurements were performed with validated semi-automatic devices. Home BP (blood pressure) monitoring protocol included two day-time and two evening-time measurements over 6 days. Adolescents’ were classified as: normotensives (office and home BP <95th percentile); sustained hypertensives (office and home BP ≥95th percentile); white-coat hypertensives (office BP ≥95th percentile and home BP <95th percentile) and masked hypertensives (office BP <95th percentile and home BP ≥95th percentile). Logistic regression models were built to identify if sex, age, BMI and family history of HTN were independently associated with white-coat, masked and sustained hypertension. Results: In a sample of 1024 adolescents, prevalence of white-coat, masked and sustained hypertension was 7.5%, 2.2% and 1.7%, respectively. Male sex was positively associated with white-coat hypertension (OR 2.68; 95%CI 1.58–4.54; p < 0.001). BMI was positively associated with both white-coat (OR 1.23; 95%CI 1.16–1.30; p < 0.001) and sustained hypertension (OR 1.19; 95%CI 1.11–1.29; p < 0.001). None of the independent variables were associated with masked hypertension in this population. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of white-coat hypertension, masked and sustained hypertension in a population of non-European adolescents assessed by home BP monitoring was 7.5%, 2.2% and 1.7% respectively. Male sex was positively associated with white-coat hypertension in these adolescents while BMI was positively associated with both white-coat and sustained hypertension

Birth weight and its association with blood pressure and nutritional status in adolescents

Objective: The management of children with low birth weight is not the same in countries with different resources. The authors assessed the association of birth weight with blood pressure and nutritional status in a representative sample of adolescents from a Brazilian state, aiming to identify possible consequences of these differences. Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted with adolescents (12-18 years) enrolled in public and private schools. Birth weight, office blood pressure, home blood pressure measurements, and nutritional status (body mass index, height z-score for the age, and waist circumference) were assessed. The association of birth weight with the outcomes (blood pressure, height, body mass index, and waist circumference) was studied through univariate and multivariable linear regression models. Results: A total of 829 adolescents with a mean age of 14.6 ± 1.62 years were included; 43.3% were male, and 37.0% from private schools. The prevalence of low birth weight was 8.7%. Mild low height prevalence was higher among those adolescents with low/insufficient birthweight when compared to those with normal/high birth weight (11.7 vs. 4.2%; p < 0.001). In the multiple linear regression analysis, for each increase of 100 g in birth weight, height increased by 0.28 cm (95% CI: 0.18-0.37; p < 0.01). Birth weight did not influence office blood pressure and home blood pressure, body mass index, or waist circumference of adolescents. Conclusions: Birth weight was directly associated to height, but not associated to blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference in adolescents from an urban area of a developing country

Sedentary lifestyle and its associated factors among adolescents from public and private schools of a Brazilian state capital

Abstract Background Adolescence is a transition stage between childhood and adulthood and is an important phase for the acquisition of future lifestyles, including the practice of physical activity (PA). The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle in adolescents is often high, creating the need for studies addressing the practice of PA and its associated factors for a better understanding of the phenomenon and possible interventions that would encourage positive changes. Methods Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of students aged 14–18 years enrolled in both public and private schools of a large Brazilian city to determine the level of physical activity (PA) and its associated factors. Sedentary lifestyle was measured by applying the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The independent variables were gender, age, race, tobacco use and alcohol consumption in the past 30 days, socioeconomic status, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure. The crude prevalence ratio was used as a measure of association and was estimated from a Poisson regression. Results The sample consisted of 862 adolescents with a mean age of 15.4 ± 1.1 years. Females were predominant (52.8%), and the age between 14 and 15 years was the most frequent (52.2%). The majority of the group reported themselves as Caucasians (51.2%), belonging to socioeconomic class C (52.5%) and were attending to public schools (69.1%). The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle was 66.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63.5–69.9), where values of 65.4% and 69.9% were observed among students from public and private schools, respectively (p = 0.196). Sedentary lifestyle was more frequent in females (78.0% vs 54.3%; p < 0.001). The factor directly associated with sedentary lifestyle was female gender both in public and private schools and the only independent variable related to sedentarism was also female gender. Conclusion The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle was extremely high in the population of adolescents studied both in public and private schools. Female sex was directly associated with sedentary lifestyle

Office blood pressure measurements with oscillometric devices in adolescents: a comparison with home blood pressure

Purpose: Compare multiple in office BP measurements in adolescents using an oscillometric device with out-of-office blood pressure measurements (home blood pressure monitoring – HBPM). Materials and methods: Office measurements were performed with validated semi-automatic devices twice (3 minutes interval) in two different moments (1 week apart), with a total of four readings. These BP readings were named R1, R2, R3 and R4 (following the sequence they were performed), FDM (mean of two readings on first day) and SDM (mean of two readings on second day) and SRM (R2–R4 means). The HBPM protocol included two day-time and two evening-time measurements over 6 days. Results: A total of 1024 students between 12 and 17 years were included (mean age 14.68 years; 52.4% females). The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) values of R2, SDM and SRM were similar to HBPM values. Regarding diastolic blood pressure (DBP) HBPM value was different than R4. High SBP and DBP correlation coefficients with HBPM values were found for R2, SDM and SRM values. Conclusion: The second office BP measurement performed with an oscilometric device in adolescents was comparable to HBPM values, suggesting that two office readings might be suitable to rule out hypertension in this age group

Birth weight and its association with blood pressure and nutritional status in adolescents,

Abstract Objective The management of children with low birth weight is not the same in countries with different resources. The authors assessed the association of birth weight with blood pressure and nutritional status in a representative sample of adolescents from a Brazilian state, aiming to identify possible consequences of these differences. Methods A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted with adolescents (12-18 years) enrolled in public and private schools. Birth weight, office blood pressure, home blood pressure measurements, and nutritional status (body mass index, height z-score for the age, and waist circumference) were assessed. The association of birth weight with the outcomes (blood pressure, height, body mass index, and waist circumference) was studied through univariate and multivariable linear regression models. Results A total of 829 adolescents with a mean age of 14.6 ± 1.62 years were included; 43.3% were male, and 37.0% from private schools. The prevalence of low birth weight was 8.7%. Mild low height prevalence was higher among those adolescents with low/insufficient birth weight when compared to those with normal/high birth weight (11.7 vs. 4.2%; p < 0.001). In the multiple linear regression analysis, for each increase of 100 g in birth weight, height increased by 0.28 cm (95% CI: 0.18-0.37; p < 0.01). Birth weight did not influence office blood pressure and home blood pressure, body mass index, or waist circumference of adolescents. Conclusions Birth weight was directly associated to height, but not associated to blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference in adolescents from an urban area of a developing country

Correlation of Insulin Resistance with Anthropometric Measures and Blood Pressure in Adolescents

Abstract Background: Blood pressure is directly related to body mass index, and individuals with increased waist circumference have higher risk of developing hypertension, insulin resistance, and other metabolic changes, since adolescence. Objective: to evaluate the correlation of blood pressure with insulin resistance, waist circumference and body mass index in adolescents. Methods: Cross-section study on a representative sample of adolescent students. One group of adolescents with altered blood pressure detected by casual blood pressure and/or home blood pressure monitoring (blood pressure > 90th percentile) and one group of normotensive adolescents were studied. Body mass index, waist circumference were measured, and fasting glucose and plasma insulin levels were determined, using the HOMA-IR index to identify insulin resistance. Results: A total of 162 adolescents (35 with normal blood pressure and 127 with altered blood pressure) were studied; 61% (n = 99) of them were boys and the mean age was 14.9 ± 1.62 years. Thirty-eight (23.5%) adolescents had altered HOMA-IR. The group with altered blood pressure had higher values of waist circumference, body mass index and HOMA-IR (p<0.05). Waist circumference was higher among boys in both groups (p<0.05) and girls with altered blood pressure had higher HOMA-IR than boys (p<0.05). There was a significant moderate correlation between body mass index and HOMA-IR in the group with altered blood pressure (&#961; = 0.394; p < 0.001), and such correlation was stronger than in the normotensive group. There was also a significant moderate correlation between waist circumference and HOMA-IR in both groups (&#961; = 0.345; p < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that HOMA-IR was as predictor of altered blood pressure (odds ratio - OR = 2.0; p = 0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant association of insulin resistance with blood pressure and the impact of insulin resistance on blood pressure since childhood. The correlation and association between markers of cardiovascular diseases was more pronounced in adolescents with altered blood pressure, suggesting that primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular risk factors should be early implemented in childhood and adolescence