Z podkroví do komnat císařských

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Dva bratři

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Kam přivádí modní vychování

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Kapelník a jeho chovanec

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Přítel věrný jest obrana mocná

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Nevolníci

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Kinetic Gait Parameters in Unilateral Lower Limb Amputations and Normal Gait in Able-Bodied: Reference Values for Clinical Application

Unilateral lower limb amputations usually present with asymmetric interlimb gait patterns, in the long term leading to secondary physical conditions and carrying the risk of low physical activity and impairment of general health. To assess prosthetic fittings and rehabilitation measures, reference values for asymmetries as well as the most significant gait parameters are required. Kinetic gait data of 865 patients with unilateral lower limb amputations (hip and knee disarticulations, transfemoral, transtibial and foot amputations) and 216 able-bodied participants were quantitatively assessed by instrumented gait analyses. Characteristic spatiotemporal (stance time, walking speed, step length and width) and ground reaction force parameters (weight-acceptance and push-off peak) were contrasted to normal gait. All spatiotemporal and ground reaction force parameters differed significantly from normal gait with the largest differences in transfemoral amputations. These also differed between amputation levels and showed age-dependencies. The stance time and push-off peak difference were identified as the most discriminative parameters with the highest diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. The present results mark the first step to establishing universal reference values for gait parameters by means of which the quality and suitability of a prosthetic fitting and the rehabilitation progress can be assessed, and are generalizable for all adults with unilateral lower limb amputations in terms of level walking

Transcript Profiling Reveals New Insights into the Acclimation of the Mesophilic Fresh-Water Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 to Iron Starvation1[W]

The regulatory network for acclimation of the obligate photoautotrophic fresh water cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 to iron (Fe) limitation was studied by transcript profiling with an oligonucleotide whole genome DNA microarray. Six regions on the chromosome with several Fe-regulated genes each were identified. The irpAB and fut region encode putative Fe uptake systems, the suf region participates in [Fe-sulfur] cluster assembly under oxidative stress and Fe limitation, the isiAB region encodes CP43′ and flavodoxin, the idiCB region encodes the NuoE-like electron transport associated protein IdiC and the transcriptional activator IdiB, and the ackA/pgam region encodes an acetate kinase and a phosphoglycerate mutase. We also investigated the response of two S. elongatus PCC 7942 mutants to Fe starvation. These were mutant K10, lacking IdiB but containing IdiC, and mutant MuD, representing a idiC-merodiploid mutant with a strongly reduced amount of IdiC as well as IdiB. The absence of IdiB in mutant K10 or the strongly reduced amount of IdiB in mutant MuD allowed for the identification of additional members of the Fe-responsive IdiB regulon. Besides idiA and the irpAB operon somB(1), somA(2), ftr1, ackA, pgam, and nat also seem to be regulated by IdiB. In addition to the reduced amount of IdiB in MuD, the low concentration of IdiC may be responsible for a number of additional changes in the abundance of mainly photosynthesis-related transcripts as compared to the wild type and mutant K10. This fact may explain why it has been impossible to obtain a fully segregated IdiC-free mutant, whereas it was possible to obtain a fully segregated IdiB-free mutant

Ketamine in outpatient arthroscopic shoulder surgery: Effects on postoperative pain, hemodynamic stability and process times

Background: Pain after arthroscopic shoulder surgery is often severe, and establishing a pain treatment regimen that does not delay discharge can be challenging. The reported ability of ketamine to prevent opioid-induced hyperalgesia has not been investigated in this particular setting