Additional file 2: of Comparison of fluid balance and hemodynamic and metabolic effects of sodium lactate versus sodium bicarbonate versus 0.9% NaCl in porcine endotoxic shock: a randomized, open-label, controlled study

Study design. During preparation period, all animals received 25 mL/kg 0.9% NaCl to prevent hypovolemia. When all preparations were completed, a 30-min period was allowed to stabilize the measured variables. Measurements were taken over a 5-h period. All animals were administered 5 μg/kg/min Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (serotype 055:B5; Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). If MAP fell below 65 mmHg, 2.5 mL/kg infusion of NaCl 0.9% was given as rescue therapy every 15 min. We studied three groups receiving 450 mL (from T30 to T300) of different fluids as follows: 11.2% hypertonic sodium lactate AP-HP® (AGEPS, Paris, France) (SL group), 0.9% NaCl (NC group), and 8.4% hypertonic sodium bicarbonate (SB group). In order to inject an equivalent energy supply, 5% glucose solution (Baxter SAS, Guyancourt, France) was perfused in the NC and SB groups. Finally, in order to maintain the same fluid intake in the three groups, the SL group received 780 mL sterile water for injection (Baxter SAS, Guyancourt, France) in place of 5% glucose solution from T30 to T300. SL, Sodium lactate group; SB, sodium bicarbonate group; NC, NaCl 0.9% group; MAP, mean arterial pressure; HR, heart rate; BP, blood pressure; PBP, pulmonary blood pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RAP, right atrial pressure; SvO2, mixed venous oxygen saturation; CI, cardiac index; SDF, sidestream dark field; NIRS, near-infrared spectroscopy; A-VBG, arterial and venous blood gas. (PDF 48 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Genotype-phenotype associations in French patients with phenylketonuria and importance of genotype for full assessment of tetrahydrobiopterin responsiveness

Frequency of positive BH4-loading test is higher in mildest PKU phenotypes. Error bars represent the 95 % confidence intervals. Fisher exact test, ***p ≤ 0.001, **p ≤ 0.01, *p ≤ 0.05. (TIF 32 kb