Estrutura das comunidades de macroinvertebrados em corredeiras de um riacho cárstico Neotropical nas estações seca e chuvosa

AIM: Our study evaluated the effects of physical and chemical variables and seasonality on diversity and structure of the macroinvertebrate fauna in riffles of a Neotropical chalk stream; METHODS: Sampling was performed during the dry (September 2003) and rainy (March 2004) seasons, in five sites. Five samples were taken at each point with a Surber sampler. Physical and chemical variables were also evaluated; RESULTS: Temperature, pH, orthophosphate and total nitrogen were very similar for both seasons, while riffle length, conductivity, alkalinity, ammonia, phosphorus and leaf litter had different values. The total number of organisms collected was 25114 belonging to at least 50 families. Insects dominated in the samples. The highest abundance was found for the dry period. Temporary stretches were sampled in rainy season in order to complement the faunal inventory; CONCLUSIONS: The environmental seasonality was an important factor for structuring the macroinvertebrate fauna, with a significant difference between the invertebrate compositions in the sampling periods. The results of this study demonstrate the influences of seasonality on the temporal variation of communities.OBJETIVOS: Este estudo avaliou os efeitos das variáveis químicas e físicas e da sazonalidade na diversidade e estrutura da fauna de macroinvertebrados em corredeiras de um riacho cárstico Neotropical; MÉTODOS: As coletas foram realizadas durante as estações seca (Setembro 2003) e chuvosa (Março 2004), em cinco pontos de amostragem. Em cada ponto foram coletadas cinco unidades amostrais utilizando um amostrador Surber. Variáveis químicas e físicas também foram avaliadas; RESULTADOS: Temperatura, pH, ortofosfato e nitrogênio total foram muito similares entre as estações, enquanto os valores de comprimento da corredeira, condutividade, alcalinidade, amônia, fósforo total e a quantidade de folhiço variaram. O número total de organismos coletado foi 25114 pertencentes, a pelo menos, 50 famílias. Insetos constituíram o grupo dominante nas amostras. Trechos temporários foram amostrados na estação chuvosa, com o intuito de complementar o inventário faunístico; CONCLUSÕES: A sazonalidade ambiental foi um fator importante na estruturação da fauna de macroinvertebrados, onde uma diferença significativa entre a composição dos macroinvertebrados aquáticos nos períodos amostrados foi observada. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram a influência da sazonalidade na variação temporal da comunidade.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - Programa de Pós-Gradução em Tecnologias Ambientai

Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera assemblages in Miranda River basin, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

The knowledge on the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) assemblages in running waters of Mato Grosso do Sul State is still deficient. As a contribution to improve this situation, this study presents an inventory of immature EPT assemblages in Miranda River basin. The samples were collected between January and September 2006 from 4th to 7th orders river reaches. A total of 3069 larvae were collected, belonging to 49 genera and 17 families. The caddisflies presented the greatest abundance while the mayflies presented the greatest richness. Of the larvae collected, 22 genera of Ephemeroptera and 20 of Trichoptera are new occurrences for the State. The high genera richness observed in this study, with sites subjected to moderate to high human impacts, as well as the high genera richness indicated by non-parametric estimators and by the genera accumulation curve, indicate that the EPT richness of Miranda River basin is high. This result seems to be related to the environmental heterogeneity of the basin catchment (Cerrado and Pantanal biomes; carbonate, sedimentary and basaltic rocks). Additionally, these results should incentive future ecological and environmental integrity studies in the region, which are urgent in a landscape under fast anthropogenic impacts