Industry choice by young entrepreneurs in different country settings: the role of human and financial capital

Entrepreneurial entry happens as a consequence of a general choice of an individual to become an entrepreneur. While most entrepreneurial entry studies rarely consider an industry choice to be an aspect of entrepreneurial decision making process, we address this issue taking into account individual, industrial, and country specific attributes. Using data from the Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey (2013–2014) on young nascent entrepreneurs and extending it with objective indicators derived from World Bank, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, and International Property Rights Index datasets, we investigate how various factors impact the choice between knowledge-intensive and capital-intensive industries. Drawing on the RBV and contingency approach, we link an industry choice to the level of human capital development and access to financial capital testing for possible country-specific moderation effects. Our study contributes to entrepreneurial entry research stream extending the understanding of entrepreneurial entry decision making nuances related to individual access to resources and both industryand country-level contingencies

Tourism Scholars\u27 Confusion About the Locus of Causality and Locus of Control Theories: A New Theoretical Tendency and a New Measurement Scale

Tourists’ behavior has caused unprecedented studies to understand it. However, recent literature has exposed the fragility of understanding and reviewing tourist attribution, especially those established on the locus dimension. The locus dimension studies how tourists assign responsibilities to tourism events, whether internal and/or external causes. However, tourism literature is confused while utilizing the locus dimension. Tourism scholars mix between locus of causality (LOC) and locus of control (LOC) theories. Both have the same abbreviation, but both have different approaches. Therefore, the current study provides a new theoretical review tendency by applying a new concept, namely locus of personal traits (LOPT), with new measurement items for (LOC) and (LOPT). The study revealed that, far from the rhetoric occasionally linked with the locus of control, using the locus of personal traits will mitigate the substantial gap

A longitudinal cross-country study of entrepreneurial orientation

As recent research documents, there has been an impressive effort of studying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and its nomological role. However, most research has been very context specific and based on the analyses of cross-sectional information. We study causal performance effects from entrepreneurial orientation and its key dimensions in two economic contexts–developed and emerging markets. Gathering data on a sample of 94 firms in developed market context and 108 in emerging market context at two time-points we explore our hypotheses. The results suggest that in a developed economy entrepreneurial orientation has a positive impact on firm performance, whereas in the emerging market context this effect is negative. Furthermore, we assess the contribution of each dimension to the aggregate construct and reveal the importance of risk-taking in both contexts. Finally, we highlight the role of environmental dynamism and explain its varying effec

Biomimetics: its practice and theory Supplementary data "Data Supplement" References Rapid response Biomimetics: its practice and theory

Biomimetics, a name coined by Otto Schmitt in the 1950s for the transfer of ideas and analogues from biology to technology, has produced some significant and successful devices and concepts in the past 50 years, but is still empirical. We show that TRIZ, the Russian system of problem solving, can be adapted to illuminate and manipulate this process of transfer. Analysis using TRIZ shows that there is only 12% similarity between biology and technology in the principles which solutions to problems illustrate, and while technology solves problems largely by manipulating usage of energy, biology uses information and structure, two factors largely ignored by technology