Self-reported QoL in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to KiGGS by proxy-reported mental health problems.

<p>* Defined as a SDQ score for proxy-reported total difficulties <17 and ≥17, respectively.</p>†<p>Two-sided t-test.</p>‡<p>Estimated average differences between the diabetes study and the KiGGS (reference group) adjusted for age group and sex (Model 2.1).</p>§<p>Estimated average differences between the diabetes study and the KiGGS (reference group) adjusted for age group, sex, socioeconomic status, immigration background, region of residence, family structure, weight status, and hospitalization during past twelve months (Model 2.2).</p

Proportion of adolescents with abnormal SDQ scores in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to KiGGS participants.

<p>* Based on self-reports/proxy reports, abnormal was defined as a score for total difficulties ≥20/≥17, for emotional symptoms ≥7/≥5, for conduct problems ≥5/≥4, for hyperactivity-inattention ≥7/≥7, for peer problems ≥6/≥4, for prosocial behavior <5/<5, and for impact ≥2/≥2 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0092473#pone.0092473-Goodman3" target="_blank">[25]</a>.</p>†<p>Chi-squared test.</p>‡<p>Diabetes study versus the reference group KiGGS adjusted for age group and sex (Model 1.1).</p>§<p>Diabetes study versus the reference group KiGGS adjusted for age group, sex, socioeconomic status, immigration background, region of residence, family structure, proxy-informant (except self-reports), weight status, and hospitalization during past 12 months (Model 1.2).</p

QoL in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to KiGGS participants differentiated by self-reported mental health problems.

<p>* Clinically important differences between the patient group and the reference group.</p

QoL in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to KiGGS participants differentiated by proxy-reported mental health problems.

<p>QoL in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to KiGGS participants differentiated by proxy-reported mental health problems.</p

Self-reported QoL in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to KiGGS by self-reported mental health problems.

<p>* Defined as a SDQ score for self-reported total difficulties <20 and ≥20, respectively.</p>†<p>Two-sided t-test.</p>‡<p>Estimated average differences between the diabetes study and the KiGGS (reference group) adjusted for age group and sex (Model 2.1).</p>§<p>Estimated average differences between the diabetes study and the KiGGS (reference group) adjusted for age group, sex, socioeconomic status, immigration background, region of residence, family structure, weight status, and hospitalization during past twelve months (Model 2.2).</p

Multiple linear regression models for the association between mean HbA1c (dependent variable), PHQ-9 score and SCOFF positive screening results for eating disorders (independent variables).

<p>Data are presented as regression coefficient β (95% CI) with p-value; separate models for PHQ-9 score and MDS/ODS as independent variables. Model 1: SCOFF (ED) (unadjusted). Model 2: PHQ-9 score (unadjusted). Model 3: SCOFF + PHQ-9 score (unadjusted). Model 4: Model 3 + age + diabetes duration. Model 5: Model 4 + BMI + insulin pump therapy + socioeconomic status + family structure/residence</p><p>Multiple linear regression models for the association between mean HbA1c (dependent variable), PHQ-9 score and SCOFF positive screening results for eating disorders (independent variables).</p

Characteristics of the study population.

<p>¹ Data are presented as n, mean (SD), and %</p><p>^2/3 p-value of t-test/Fisher’s exact test for comparison of male and female patients</p><p>Characteristics of the study population.</p

Multiple linear regression models for the association between depression severity (dependent variable) and SCOFF positive screening results for eating disorders.

<p>Data are presented as regression coefficient β (95% CI) with p-value. Model 1: SCOFF (ED) (unadjusted). Model 2: Model 1 + age + diabetes duration. Model 3: Model 2 + BMI + socioeconomic status + family structure/residence^#</p><p>Multiple linear regression models for the association between depression severity (dependent variable) and SCOFF positive screening results for eating disorders.</p

Severity of depression symptoms among patients screening positive for eating disorders (EDs) and control patients.

<p>^1/2p-value of Fisher’s exact test/ t-test for comparison of ED positive and control patients</p><p>Severity of depression symptoms among patients screening positive for eating disorders (EDs) and control patients.</p