4,155 research outputs found
Non-rigid image registration to reduce beam-induced blurring of cryo-electron microscopy images
Microscopic imaging and technolog
Quantifying Spatiotemporal Chaos in Rayleigh-B\'enard Convection
Using large-scale parallel numerical simulations we explore spatiotemporal
chaos in Rayleigh-B\'enard convection in a cylindrical domain with
experimentally relevant boundary conditions. We use the variation of the
spectrum of Lyapunov exponents and the leading order Lyapunov vector with
system parameters to quantify states of high-dimensional chaos in fluid
convection. We explore the relationship between the time dynamics of the
spectrum of Lyapunov exponents and the pattern dynamics. For chaotic dynamics
we find that all of the Lyapunov exponents are positively correlated with the
leading order Lyapunov exponent and we quantify the details of their response
to the dynamics of defects. The leading order Lyapunov vector is used to
identify topological features of the fluid patterns that contribute
significantly to the chaotic dynamics. Our results show a transition from
boundary dominated dynamics to bulk dominated dynamics as the system size is
increased. The spectrum of Lyapunov exponents is used to compute the variation
of the fractal dimension with system parameters to quantify how the underlying
high-dimensional strange attractor accommodates a range of different chaotic
dynamics
Prediction of Water Activity Coefficient in TEG-Water System Using Diffusion Neural Network (DNN)
Accurate determination of activity coefficients of water in a binary triethylene glycol (TEG)-water system, is of prime concern in designing the natural gas dehydration process. In this work, a hybrid model (a combination of information diffusion theory and neural network) and a so-called diffusion neural network (DNN) have been developed for the prediction of activity coefficients of a binary TEG-water system. Owing to the insufficient experimental data available in the literature for binary mixtures, and in particular
for infinite dilution, we have employed the information diffusion technique as a tool in extrapolating data points from the original data. By means of this technique, a new dataset has been trained and optimized for the DNN model with more nodes in the input
and the output layers. The result of this study reveals that DNN model is superior to the conventional neural nets in predicting the activity coefficient of water in the range of temperature (293–387.6 K) and mole fractions with mean absolute error of 0.31 %
(MAE = 0.31 %), and high correlation coefficient of 0.999 (r = 0.999). Furthermore, the results of this work using DNN have also been compared with Parrish’s correlation. The findings of this work demonstrate that the DNN model exhibits better results over Parrish’s correlation in predicting the activity coefficients of water in a binary triethylene glycol-water system with a mean absolute error of 5.03 percent (MAE = 5.03 %)
LOCV calculations for polarized liquid with the spin-dependent correlation
We have used the lowest order constrained variational (LOCV) method to
calculate some ground state properties of polarized liquid at zero
temperature with the spin-dependent correlation function employing the
Lennard-Jones and Aziz pair potentials. We have seen that the total energy of
polarized liquid increases by increasing polarization. For all
polarizations, it is shown that the total energy in the spin-dependent case is
lower than the spin-independent case. We have seen that the difference between
the energies of spin-dependent and spin-independent cases decreases by
increasing polarization. We have shown that the main contribution of the
potential energy comes from the spin-triplet state.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B (2008) in pres
Spin-to-Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion and Spin-Polarization Filtering in Electron Beams
We propose the design of a space-variant Wien filter for electron beams that
induces a spin half-turn and converts the corresponding spin angular momentum
variation into orbital angular momentum of the beam itself by exploiting a
geometrical phase arising in the spin manipulation. When applied to a spatially
coherent input spin-polarized electron beam, such a device can generate an
electron vortex beam, carrying orbital angular momentum. When applied to an
unpolarized input beam, the proposed device, in combination with a suitable
diffraction element, can act as a very effective spin-polarization filter. The
same approach can also be applied to neutron or atom beams.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
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