The response of the competitive balance model to the external field

The competitive balance model was proposed as an extension of the balance theory to address heterogeneities in real-world networks. In this model, different paradigms lead to form different friendship and enmity. As an example, friendship or enmity between countries can have a political or religious basis. The suggested Hamiltonian is symmetrical between paradigms. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the external field on the evolution of the network. We drive the mean-field solutions of the model and verify the accuracy of our analytical solutions by performing Monte-Carlo simulations. We observe that the external field breaks the symmetry of the system. The response of the system to the external field, depending on the temperature, is paramagnetic or ferromagnetic. Similar to the magnetic systems, susceptibility follows Curie's law. We also observed a hysteresis behavior. Once communities are formed based on a certain paradigm, then they resist change.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure

The second law analysis of natural gas behavior within a vortex tube

Vortex tube is a simple device without a moving part which is capable of separating hot and cold gas streams from a higher pressure inlet gas stream. The mechanism of energy separation has been investigated by several scientists and second law approach has emerged as an important tool for optimizing the vortex tube performance. Here, a thermodynamic model has been used to investigate vortex tube energy separation. Further, a method has been proposed for optimizing the vortex tube based on the rate of entropy generation obtained from experiments. Also, an experimental study has been carried out to investigate the effects of the hot tube length and cold orifice diameter on entropy generation within a vortex tube with natural gas as working fluid. A comparison has been made between air and natural gas as working fluids. The results show that the longest tube generates lowest entropy for NG. For air, it is middle tube which generates lowest entropy. Integration of entropy generation for all available cold mass fractions unveiled that an optimized value for hot tube length and cold orifice diameter is exist

Tessellation-Filtering ReLU Neural Networks

We identify tessellation-filtering ReLU neural networks that, when composed with another ReLU network, keep its non-redundant tessellation unchanged or reduce it. The additional network complexity modifies the shape of the decision surface without increasing the number of linear regions. We provide a mathematical understanding of the related additional expressiveness by means of a novel measure of shape complexity by counting deviations from convexity which results in a Boolean algebraic characterization of this special class. A local representation theorem gives rise to novel approaches for pruning and decision surface analysis

Synthesis of pyrano2,3-cpyrazoles by ionic liquids under green and eco-safe conditions

Optimization of a green approach to the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles based on the one-pot, four-component condensation via a domino Knoevenagel/Michael/cyclization sequence was investigated. This method involved the evaluation of the activity of several ionic liquids (ILs) in various solvents. This one-pot, four-component reaction revealed simplicity, higher yield and lower toxicity advantages over a corresponding three-component method. The effect of reaction parameters including the type and amount of catalyst, type of solvent, reaction temperature and time were studied with respect to yield of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles. Catalyst recyclability and time-saving aspects of the reaction suggest that this method presents real alternatives over conventional reaction protocols

An FDD Wireless Diversity Receiver With Transmitter Leakage Cancellation in Transmit and Receive Bands

Antenna-coupling group delay limits the cancellation bandwidth of conventional self-interference cancellers (SICs), making it difficult to ensure isolation in both transmit (TX) and receive (RX) bands. Isolation over both bands is achieved in the dual-path receiver architecture proposed in this paper. The main path consists of a highly linear current-mode RX with a passive RF SIC. The auxiliary path implements a notch in the TX band followed by an adaptive digital equalizer whose output is used to suppress the TX noise leakage in the RX band. The main and auxiliary receiver prototypes, implemented in 28-nm CMOS technology, operate between 1 and 2 GHz, occupy an area of 0.51 and 0.12 mm 2 , and have a power dissipation of 32-40 and 26-64 mW, respectively. The stand-alone RX has a noise figure (NF) of 4-5 dB and an out-of-band IIP3 of 18 dBm. Turning on the passive canceller results in an effective IIP3 of 25-29 dBm and a degradation of the NF of less than 0.8 dB. Thanks to its high dynamic range, the auxiliary path suppresses the TX noise by >29 dB while degrading the RX NF by only 1 dB at 23-dBm TX output power