Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ) in Persian speaking population: Adaption, Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties

There is an urgent need to develop appropriate instruments to measure student Interpersonal Emotion Regulation for the fields of research and practice. In this study, we sought to validate a brief measure to assess Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in students. The aim of research was validation of Persian (Farsi) translation of this inventory.Participants were 392 Persian speaking students from Ferdowsi University students by quota sampling. Participants completed interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire, Kashdan emotional styles scale and stress, depression, anxiety and attachment styles of Collins. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach’s alpha method was used, also confirmatory factor analysis method, content validity and construct validity were used to determine the validity of the questionnaire.The results indicate that there is positive and significant corelation between IERQ and secure attachment subscale. It means that students' predominant emotional styles are considered as adjustment and it is mostly used by people to control their emotion regulation. Alpha coefficient was 0.88 for internal consistency of IERQ. Also the results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the structure of the questionnaire is significantly fitted with data and all fitting indexes may confirm the model.It can be interfered from the results of the research that 20-item form of interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire is sufficiently reliable and validated among Persian speaking students. So this questionnaire is a useful tool for determining inter-personal emotion regulation

Identification of Approaches in the Approved Objectives, The Syllabuses of Teacher Training, and National Program in Iran's Case

AbstractAs one of multiple forms of literacy, art can cause human to achieve knowledge and insight. This subject can be studied as to various visions or approaches to art education. In this integrative inquiry, approaches of art education were studied and the results showed that the dominant approach in the current approved objectives is visual culture vision and in both the curriculum and syllabuses of art teacher training programs is art production approach. In the NC, thinking disposition, aesthetic, and DBAE approaches have been considered. Knowledge-domains in the current approved objectives for art education more relates to knowing that, and knowing how is more obvious in the curriculum and syllabuses of art teacher training, while The NC contains several knowledge kindsand approaches

Development and Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Sexual Communication Model Counseling Package on the Satisfaction and Sexual Intimacy of Iranian Couples

Introduction: Sexual satisfaction is considered one of the most important factors in marital happiness, and it plays a significant role in the health, well-being, and overall quality of life for individuals in a society. Therefore, the research aims to develop and assess the effectiveness of a counseling package based on the sexual communication model on the level of satisfaction and sexual intimacy in Iranian couples.Methods: The research was conducted using a mixed exploratory research design. Initially, qualitative methods were employed to identify the factors influencing couples' sexual exchange. Subsequently, a counseling package was developed based on these factors. For the purpose of quantitative validation, the relative content validity ratio and content validity index were utilized. In the next research phase, an applied and semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design was employed, including a one-month follow-up with a control group. Data analysis was carried out using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the SPSS software version 26.Results: The results showed that the relative content validity coefficient and content validity index were higher than the required size (CVR≥49 and CVI≥79) and a valid counseling package was prepared. The results of the next stage also showed that the sexual communication pattern counseling package significantly increased sexual satisfaction (P<0.01) and sexual intimacy (P<0.01); the experimental group had a significant increase in sexual satisfaction and intimacy compared to the control group.Results: The results indicated that the content validity ratio and content validity index exceeded the required thresholds (CVR≥0.49 and CVI≥0.80), establishing the validity of the counseling package. Subsequently, the results of the next phase demonstrated that the sexual communication pattern counseling package significantly contributed to sexual satisfaction (P<0.01) and sexual intimacy (P<0.01). The experimental group exhibited a substantial increase in sexual satisfaction and intimacy compared to the control group.Conclusion: The counseling package based on the sexual communication pattern is valid and can lead to an increase in the sexual satisfaction and intimacy of Iranian couples

Mediating Role of Goal Orientation in the Relationship of Spirituality and Self-Efficacy with Hope in University Students: a Structural Model

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here. Background and Objective:Religion and spiritual beliefs are of particular significance in human’s life. Self-efficacy is also a motivating factor for activating, strengthening, sustaining, and guiding behavior toward the goal. Each of these two variables can affect different aspects of life, even how hopeful individuals are. Taking this into account, this study aimed to examine the role of spirituality and self-efficacy in students' hope given the mediating role of goal orientation.Method: The research method is descriptive-correlational, using path analysis. The statistical population included students from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Regarding the number of variables in the proposed path analysis model, which is considered for each variable of 15 people, and by considering the criterion of the generalizability of sample findings to the community, 280 students from the statistical population were selected through available sampling method. To collect data, spirituality, self-efficacy, hope and goal orientation questionnaires were used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and path analysis. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests.Results: The correlation results show that all of the observed variables correlate (p&lt;0.01). Performing a path analysis to test the relationship between the role of spirituality and self-efficacy on hope through goal orientation and the proposed pattern (RMSEA=0.098, GFI=0/99) showed to be well fit.Conclusion:The results of this research suggest that spirituality and self-efficacy through the goal orientation mediation will increase the hope of students. Therefore, considering the positive impact of self-efficacy and spirituality and goal orientation, the use of these capacities is recommended in individual and group planning and activities of students to boost their hopes.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here

The Mediating Role of Metacognition in the Relationship between Internet Addiction and General Health

Background: Internet addiction is one of the harmful effects of the Internet. The findings of several studies have indicated a relationship between general health and Internet addiction. Metacognition, which includes the knowledge, processes, and strategies to evaluate, and monitor or control the cognition, can play a significant role in this regard. The present research aimed to assess the mediating role of metacognitive variables in the relationship between Internet addiction and general health. Methods: This correlational study included 94 male and female users with different nationalities at Internet cafés in Abu Dhabi (the United Arab Emirates). All subjects aged at least 18 years and were proficient in English. The research tools included the General Health Questionnaire (with a reliability of 0.89), Metacognition Questionnaire (with a reliability of 0.82), and Kimberly Young's Internet Addiction Test (with a reliability of 0.88). The hypothesis was tested applying SPSS18 and Amos18. Findings: The results indicated a significant positive relationship between all aspects of metacognition and Internet addiction (r = 0.30; P < 0.01). A significant positive relationship was also observed between Internet addiction and general health (r = 0.47; P < 0.01). Path analysis revealed the mediating role of metacognition in the relationship between low general health and Internet addiction. Among the metacognitive variables, the mind control had the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.80). Conclusion: The Internet and digital technologies have caused unwanted and negative effects which are classified as emerging damages. The relationship between Internet addiction and general health has been confirmed in this research. In addition, metacognitive processes can have a positive and mediating role on this relationship.   Keywords: Internet, Internet addiction, General health, Metacognitio

The Mediating Role of Demotivation in the Correlation of Motivational Beliefs, Academic Achievement and Academic Burnout

Introduction: Since academic motivation is one of the most important factors in learners’ academic achievement, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of motivational beliefs (future orientation, task value and self-efficacy) on demotivation, academic achievement and academic burnout in students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was performed on undergraduate students of FUM and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2015-16 academic year. A number of 370 students were selected by convenience sampling method (220 from FUM and 150 from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences). Data gathering tools were General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Valrand’s Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), Maslach academic burnout (MBI-SS) and future orientation and task value PISA 2006 questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess validity. Results showed that the questionnaire has an acceptable fit. GPA was used to measure academic achievement. Data were analyzed using path analysis. Results: Results showed that future orientation (p<0.05 and t=-3.27) and task value (p<0.05 and t=-4.00) were able to predict academic demotivation in the negative direction. General self-efficacy predicted students’ academic burnout in the negative direction (p<0.05 and t=-0.23) and demotivation predicted academic achievement in the negative direction (p<0.05 and t=-2.90). Conclusion: Reinforcing motivation and motivational beliefs (future orientation, task value and self-efficacy) can enhance academic achievement and reduce the level of academic burnout

Environmental perceptions, motivational beliefs and self-regulating learning by Iranian high school students

AbstractTo examine the correlations among environmental perceptions, motivational beliefs, and self-regulating learning of Tehran high school third-year boys, a causal model was used and 685 students were selected by multistage cluster-sampling method. The motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich & De Groot, 1990), Students’ Achievement Goal Orientations (Midgley, Kaplan, Middleton, Maehr, Urdan, Anderman, et al., 1998), Students’ Perceptions of Classroom Activities (Gentry, Gable, & Rizza, 2002), and Perceptions of Parents Scales (Grolnick, Deci, & Ryan, 1997) were administered. Analysis showed relations among components of self-regulating learning, family environmental perceptions, perceptions of classroom activities, and motivational beliefs. Structural equating modelling indicated the proposed model was acceptable and the fit index was not significant statistically (χ2 = 123.98, GFI = .97, RSMEA = .044). All paths or structural coefficients of proposed model were significant statistically (P< .01)

Determining the Role of Achievement Objectives in Mediating the Relationship between Classroom Assessment Structure and Academic Achievement: A Descriptive Study

Introduction: Environment and perceptions about it play an important role in educational performance and its associated processes. Study of these relationships is valuable in educational process improvement. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between perceived classroom assessment and achievement objectives with nursing students' academic achievement. Methods: This descriptive correlative study included undergraduate B.A students of nursing and midwifery school in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences who were enrolled within 2011- 2012. A sample (n-220) was selected through stratified random sampling based on gender. Participants completed perceived classroom assessment, and Midgly et al’s goal orientation questionnaire. Also, students' grand point averages were used to measure academic achievement. Data was analyzed using LISREL software using appropriate statistical tests according to variable types such as Pearson correlation coefficients and path analysis. Results: There was a significant negative relationship between perceived mastery classroom assessment and academic achievement (r= -0.20, p<0.01). On the other hand, a relationship was observable between approach goals and academic achievement (r= 0.24, p<0.01). Also there was a significant positive relationship between mastery goals and perceived learning-oriented classroom assessment (r= 0.21, p<0.01). The causal model about relationship between mastery based class assessment and academic achievement mediated by achievement goals orientation was confirmed. Conclusion: Structures of classroom assessment can affect objective-based achievement procedures and academic performance. Therefore the type of evaluation and its consequents should be considered in developing educational methods

The Relationship between Self-efficacy in Research and Research Performance A study on Students of Medical Sciences University of Mashhad

Introduction: Research is one of the most interesting areas in which the effects of self-efficacy and confidence have been studied but little attention has been paid to it in Iran. The purpose of this study is to survey the relationship between self-efficacy in research and research performance among students of Medical Sciences University of Mashhad. Methods: This descriptive correlation study was performed on the population of all students of Mashhad Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Dentistry in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences within 2011-2012 academic years. Using proportional stratified sampling method, the sample size was defined based on faculty and finally 185 students were selected to participate in the study. Questionnaires of research self-efficacy and research performance were used for data collection. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlations, regression, and t-test for independent groups. Results: There was a significant correlation between self-efficacy in research and all its components (excluding self-efficacy in statistics) with students’ research performance (p<0.01). Simple regression coefficients indicated that research self-efficacy scale was able to predict students’ research performance (p<0.05) and the results of multiple regression beta coefficients showed that among seven subcomponents of self-efficacy, only the subcomponent of report writing is able to predict performance (p< 0.05). In addition, the results of independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference between male and female students in terms of research performance. Conclusion: In order to improve students’ research performance, they must be ensured about their capabilities and research skills

The Consequences of Hidden Curriculum for Nursing Professionalism: A Qualitative Study

Background: The journey to nursing professionalism is a constantly progressing process. The present study aimed to explain the experiences of nursing students and faculty members regarding the unseen consequences of the hidden curriculum for nursing professionalism.Methods: In this qualitative study, 25 nursing students and faculty members at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were selected and interviewed based on purposive sampling. After data collection, all the recorded interviews were transcribed and reviewed, and their subcategories, categories, and themes were extracted using the qualitative content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: A total of 1382 initial codes and two main themes were extracted from the interviews. The obtained categories were non-constructive and destructive clinical environment, unfavorable educational environment, the gap between theory and practice, inappropriate role model, neglect of scientific nursing knowledge, loss of professional values, undervaluing nursing professionalism, favorable clinical environment, favorable faculty environment, and faculty member as an effective role model.Conclusion: Professional behaviors have significant impacts on professionalism in nursing. There is a significant gap between the current nursing practice and professional nursing in some aspects. Therefore, it is important to consider all consequences of the hidden curriculum to achieve professionalism