Additional file 2: of Is histologic esophagitis associated with dental erosion: a cross-sectional observational study?

Food-Dental Care Questionnaire - The questionnaire evaluated the presence and frequency of specific dietary consumptions and dental hygiene habits. Diet and medication items assessed included between meal snacks, carbonated beverages, swishing and holding drinks in the mouth, fruit juices before bed, energy drinks, medicines in a syrup form, chewing Vitamin C tablets, asthma inhalers, citrus fruits, yogurt, and pickles. Oral hygiene and habit items included grinding teeth at night, tooth brushing in the morning, tooth brushing before going to bed, use of fluoride treatments, receiving regular dental care, presence of fluoride in drinking water, type of toothbrush, and frequency of brushing. (DOCX 23 kb

Additional file 1: of Is histologic esophagitis associated with dental erosion: a cross-sectional observational study?

GERD Symptoms Questionnaire - The questionnaire assessed the presence of various symptoms and if present, the subjects rated severity on a 3-point Likert scale (mild, moderate, severe) and estimated episode frequency per week [17]. Symptoms included pain (in general and with consumption of fried and spicy foods), dysphagia, nausea, vomiting/regurgitation, chest pain, heartburn, excessive belching, bad breath, excessive crying, poor sleep, and relief from anti-acid medications. (DOC 62 kb

Consumption of <i>Sutherlandia frutescens</i> by HIV-Seropositive South African Adults: An Adaptive Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial

<div><p>Background</p><p><i>Sutherlandia frutescens</i> (L.) R. Br. is widely used as an over the counter complementary medicine and in traditional medications by HIV seropositive adults living in South Africa; however the plant’s safety has not been objectively studied. An adaptive two-stage randomized double-blind placebo controlled study was used to evaluate the safety of consuming dried <i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> by HIV seropositive adults with CD4 T-lymphocyte count of >350 cells/μL.</p><p>Methods</p><p>In Stage 1 56 participants were randomized to <i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> 400, 800 or 1,200 mg twice daily or matching placebo for 24 weeks. In Stage 2 77 additional participants were randomized to either 1,200 mg <i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> or placebo. In the final analysis data from Stage 1 and Stage 2 were combined such that 107 participants were analysed (54 in the <i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> 1,200 mg arm and 53 in the placebo arm).</p><p>Results</p><p><i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> did not change HIV viral load, and CD4 T-lymphocyte count was similar in the two arms at 24 weeks; however, mean and total burden of infection (BOI; defined as days of infection-related events in each participant) was greater in the <i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> arm: mean (SD) 5.0 (5.5) vs. 9.0 (12.7) days (p = 0.045), attributed to two tuberculosis cases in subjects taking isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>A possible interaction between <i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> and IPT needs further evaluation, and may presage antagonistic interactions with other herbs having similar biochemical (antioxidant) properties. No other safety issues relating to consumption of <i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> in this cohort were identified.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00549523" target="_blank">NCT00549523</a></p></div

Changes in biochemical and hematological parameters over time in the combined Stage 1 and Stage 2 analysis <i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> 1,200 mg (N = 54) and placebo (N = 53).

<p>Abbreviations: HDL (high density lipoprotein); LDL (low density lipoprotein)</p><p>*P-value for interaction effect of groups over time.</p><p>Changes in biochemical and hematological parameters over time in the combined Stage 1 and Stage 2 analysis <i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> 1,200 mg (N = 54) and placebo (N = 53).</p

Infection outcomes in the combined Stage 1 and Stage 2 analysis <i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> 1,200 mg (N = 54) and placebo (N = 53).

<p>Abbreviation: BOI (burden of infection)</p><p>Infection outcomes in the combined Stage 1 and Stage 2 analysis <i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> 1,200 mg (N = 54) and placebo (N = 53).</p

CONSORT diagram.

<p>CONSORT diagram.</p

Changes in CD4 T-lymphocyte count and HIV viral load over time in the combined Stage 1 and Stage 2 analysis <i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> 1,200 mg (N = 54) and placebo (N = 53).

<p>*P-value for interaction effect of groups over time.</p><p>Changes in CD4 T-lymphocyte count and HIV viral load over time in the combined Stage 1 and Stage 2 analysis <i>S</i>. <i>frutescens</i> 1,200 mg (N = 54) and placebo (N = 53).</p

Mitigation of Acetylcholine Esterase Activity in the 1,7-Diazacarbazole Series of Inhibitors of Checkpoint Kinase 1

Checkpoint kinase 1 (ChK1) plays a key role in the DNA damage response, facilitating cell-cycle arrest to provide sufficient time for lesion repair. This leads to the hypothesis that inhibition of ChK1 might enhance the effectiveness of DNA-damaging therapies in the treatment of cancer. Lead compound <b>1</b> (GNE-783), the prototype of the 1,7-diazacarbazole class of ChK1 inhibitors, was found to be a highly potent inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and unsuitable for development. A campaign of analogue synthesis established SAR delineating ChK1 and AChE activities and allowing identification of new leads with improved profiles. In silico docking using a model of AChE permitted rationalization of the observed SAR. Compounds <b>19</b> (GNE-900) and <b>30</b> (GNE-145) were identified as selective, orally bioavailable ChK1 inhibitors offering excellent in vitro potency with significantly reduced AChE activity. In combination with gemcitabine, these compounds demonstrate an in vivo pharmacodynamic effect and are efficacious in a mouse p53 mutant xenograft model

Azepines and Piperidines with Dual Norepinephrine Dopamine Uptake Inhibition and Antidepressant Activity

Herein, we describe the discovery of inhibitors of norepinephrine (NET) and dopamine (DAT) transporters with reduced activity relative to serotonin transporters (SERT). Two compounds, <b>8b</b> and <b>21a</b>, along with nomifensine were tested in a rodent receptor occupancy study and demonstrated dose-dependent displacement of radiolabeled NET and DAT ligands. These compounds were efficacious in a rat forced swim assay (model of depression) and also had activity in rat spontaneous locomotion assay