Normalized proportion of a) norovirus cases and b) norovirus outbreaks.

<p>Presented by month summed over all years for each study, by location. Within continents, studies are displayed from top to bottom in order of latitude, North to South.</p

Monthly proportion of a) norovirus cases and b) norovirus outbreaks by season-year in northern hemisphere.

<p>New strain years highlighted (Blue = 2002-03; Green = 2006-07). Dotted line indicates studies where monthly datasets were reported as averages over several years.</p

Flow chart of search strategy.

<p>Note that final numbers refer to total number of data series included in analyses, whereas other numbers refer to numbers of articles reviewed.</p

Compost bin sampling locations.

<p>Example of a SOIL compost bin, showing sampling locations and depths. Samples were collected in all bins from the a) center and b) northwest corner. Samples were also collected from the c) northeast and southeast corners in the bin with newly added latrine waste (Bin 1). The southwest corner was not sampled due to a lack of compost at the opening.</p

Compost temperatures by time since end of bin filling.

<p>Temperature measurements are presented for two locations—the center (dashed line) and the corner (solid line)—of each compost bin. a) Longitudinal temperature measurements over the first 14 days of filling of Bin 1; b) Cross-sectional temperature measurements of bins filled 15–330 days prior to sampling (Bins 2–10).</p

Concentration of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> in compost.

<p>Concentration of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> in compost was measured as the geometric mean of multiple dilutions (MPN g^-1 dry weight, log-transformed). Concentrations were measured in compost samples taken at depths of 20 cm (dashed lines) and 45 cm (solid lines) in center (black, squares) and corner (gray, diamonds) locations. (a) Baseline and Longitudinal Samples: Baseline <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> concentration at Day 0 is an average of five untreated latrine waste samples. Additionally, Bin 1 was sampled 5 times longitudinally over the first 14 days of filling. (b) Cross-sectional samples were taken from Bins 2–10, which represented different ages of compost. ‘Final’ compost (represented as 360 days) was sampled twice and averaged.</p