Additional file 2: of What do randomized controlled trials say about virtual rehabilitation in stroke? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of upper-limb and cognitive outcomes

Figure S2. Forest plot showing the overall main effect-sizes for each individual study of virtual rehabilitation on the International Classification of Functioning and cognitive outcomes after stroke using the random-effects model. (TIFF 760 kb

Experimental set-up to evaluate proprioceptive weighting for postural control.

<p>Experimental set-up to evaluate proprioceptive weighting for postural control.</p

Characteristics of the participants.

<p>Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. NSLBP: non-specific low back pain; BMI: body mass index; ODI-2: Oswestry Disability Index, version 2 (adapted Dutch version); NRS_back usual: back pain score on the numerical rating scale (0–10) during the last month; NRS_back current: back pain score on the numerical rating scale (0–10) at the moment of testing; significance level (p<0.05); N/A: not applicable.</p

Association between white matter microstructure and proprioceptive weighting for postural control in individuals with NSLBP.

<p><b>A.</b> Visualization of the right and left superior cerebellar peduncle. <b>B.</b> Scatter plot of the association between mean diffusivity (MD) of the right superior cerebellar peduncle and the center of pressure (CoP) displacement in response to ankle muscle vibration while standing on stable support surface in individuals with non-specific low back pain. <b>C.</b> Scatter plot of the association between fractional anisotropy (FA) of the left superior cerebellar peduncle and the center of pressure (CoP) displacement in response to ankle muscle vibration while standing on unstable support surface in individuals with non-specific low back pain. <b>D.</b> Scatter plot of the association between radial diffusivity (RD) of the left superior cerebellar peduncle and the center of pressure (CoP) displacement in response to ankle muscle vibration while standing on unstable support surface in individuals with non-specific low back pain. <b>E.</b> Scatter plot of the association between mean diffusivity (MD) of the right superior cerebellar peduncle and the center of pressure (CoP) displacement in response to ankle muscle vibration while standing on unstable support surface in individuals with non-specific low back pain. <b>F.</b> Scatter plot of the association between radial diffusivity (RD) of the right superior cerebellar peduncle and the center of pressure (CoP) displacement in response to ankle muscle vibration while standing on unstable support surface in individuals with non-specific low back pain.</p

Areas with significant activation in old and young individuals.

<p>Areas with significant activation in old and young individuals.</p

GTNA measures N2−2×2 ANOVA results.

<p>GTNA measures N2−2×2 ANOVA results.</p

Areas with significant overactivation in old vs. young individuals.

<p>Areas with significant overactivation in old vs. young individuals.</p

GTNA measures N1−2×2 ANOVA results.

<p>GTNA measures N1−2×2 ANOVA results.</p

Visualization of key functional connectivity metrics in network N1 (i.e., the common network employed by both old and young participants) during AP movements (A+B), and during IP movements (C+D).

<p>Each brain region is represented by a sphere. Sphere size = mean connectivity degree; sphere transparency = mean betweenness centrality (network nodes which participate in many shortest paths, i.e., have a higher betweenness centrality, are less transparent than nodes with a low betweenness centrality). The edge width and transparency represent the summed strength of the partial correlations between nodes (i.e., the networks shown here were constructed by summing the partial correlation matrices of all participants in each group), edge width = increasing width represents stronger connections; edge transparency = less transparency indicates stronger connections. In order to visualize the main functional topology of the networks more clearly, only connections with a summed partial correlation strength of more than 1.0 are shown.</p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Abnormal wiring of the connectome in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder

p values for the local network properties. p values <0.05 are emphasized