Prospects of Using Blockchain Technology in the Tourism Industry

This article is devoted to an actual research problem in conditions of increased uncertainty and the need for a theoretical rethinking of the tourism phenomenon in the society, when geopolitical upheavals and a decrease in international security are taking place, as well as the pandemic COVID-19, which currently poses new challenges for the tourism industry. Today, it is more relevant and appropriate than ever to think about them from the perspective of blockchain technology, using a fundamental approach to the digitalization of decentralized management of the life cycle of an internal regional tourism product. It is required to develop an integrated scientific and methodological approach to modeling and designing cyber-physical systems for monitoring and managing tourism products, objects, and processes based on blockchain technologies in order to maximize the contribution of the tourism industry to the socioeconomic development of regions

Novel mouse monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing β-(1→3)-D-glucan antigen

International audienceβ-(1→3)-D-Glucan is an essential component of the fungal cell wall. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against synthetic nona-β-(1→3)-D-glucoside conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were generated using hybridoma technology. The affinity constants of two selected mAbs, 3G11 and 5H5, measured by a surface plasmon resonance biosensor assay using biotinylated nona-β-(1→3)-D-glucan as the ligand, were approximately 11 nM and 1.9 nM, respectively. The glycoarray, which included a series of synthetic oligosaccharide derivatives representing β-glucans with different lengths of oligo-β-(1→3)-D-glucoside chains, demonstrated that linear tri-, penta- and nonaglucoside, as well as a β-(1→6)-branched octasaccharide, were recognized by mAb 5H5. By contrast, only linear oligo-β-(1→3)-D-glucoside chains that were not shorter than pentaglucosides (but not the branched octaglucoside) were ligands for mAb 3G11. Immunolabelling indicated that 3G11 and 5H5 interact with both yeasts and filamentous fungi, including species from Aspergillus, Candida, Penicillium genera and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but not bacteria. Both mAbs could inhibit the germination of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia during the initial hours and demonstrated synergy with the antifungal fluconazole in killing C. albicans in vitro. In addition, mAbs 3G11 and 5H5 demonstrated protective activity in in vivo experiments, suggesting that these β-glucan-specific mAbs could be useful in combinatorial antifungal therapy