Client's Satisfaction Regarding Family Planning in Some of Primary Health Care Centers in Erbil City

Today mothers or the clients who attending to hospitals or Primary Health Care Centers prefer high-quality care services so they interact everybody from the reception, admission staff, doctors, nurses, ward staff, ambulance, personnel, so clients are satisfied with health services if the physicians and nurses worked properly and with good quality. If the performance is good and perfect mothers or clients are highly satisfied. The objectives of the study are to identify the client’s satisfaction with family planning. A descriptive, cross-sectional design. Anon-probability convenient methods were used. The sample was included one hundred women who attended to Primary Health Care Centers in Erbil City. The study conducted in main primary Health Care Centers in Erbil from September 2015 to September 2016. The data collection was collected by the interview technique with clients and women depending on the questionnaire. The questionnaire was used for data collection, including three parts; part one socio-demographic characteristics for sample study and; part two included questions related to client's satisfaction regarding practices about family planning methods and; part three questions related to their satisfaction regarding knowledge of family planning methods, so depending on scoring system for data collection as (1 for Yes, and 2 for No). The study revealed that  three levels of client’s satisfaction (good 23%, fair 44%, 33% bad) regarding family planning and there was no significant association between  most of the variables and their satisfaction except their level of education and age so there was highly significant association between age, education level and their satisfaction with family planning knowledge and practices. Majority of the sample study were from urban, and most of them were illiterate. The study revealed that there were three levels of satisfaction about family planning, and there was no significant association between most of the variables and client’s satisfaction regarding family planning except age and their educational level so there was the highly significant association between these two variables and client’s satisfaction.                 .                                                                                                                       &nbsp

Inflammation, Diet, and Depression

Although it is well established that inflammation contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD), this thesis considers the potential for dietary-induced inflammation to also play a role in the development of depression. Even though the association between inflammation and depression was initially proposed over 100 years ago, treatment of depression has focused on psychopharmacological and psychotherapy. In addition to the increases in the chronic diseases that are the leading causes of death, including CVD, diabetes, and several forms of cancer, consumption of meat, dairy, and highly processed foods have also increased dramatically in recent decades. The resulting Standard American Diet (S.A.D.) is highly inflammatory and is known to play a significant role in the etiology of CVD. In contrast, a whole food, plant-based (WFPB) diet reduces the body’s inflammatory response. Recognizing there are many factors contributing to these complex conditions, is it possible that a WFPB diet that has been shown to prevent, and in some instances, reverse CVD also has the potential to play an important role in reducing the suffering of those diagnosed with depression

A Study of The Density Property in Module Theory

In this paper, there are two main objectives. The first objective is to study the relationship between the density property and some modules in detail, for instance; semisimple and divisible modules. The Addition complement has a good relationship with the density property of the modules as this importance is highlighted by any submodule N of M has an addition complement with Rad(M)=0. The second objective is to clarify the relationship between the density property and the essential submodules with some examples. As an example of this relationship, we studied the torsion-free module and its relationship with the essential submodules in module M

Experimental study on repair of cracked pipe under internal pressure

Repair of cracked pipeline under internal pressure (IP) was investigated in the current work. To such aim, the test the experiment has been done on the cracked pipeline to find failure pressure (FP). A longitudinal crack that cut 65% thickness of pipe has been applied on the external surface. The reinforced polymer C fibre has been utilized for repairing the system. Additionally, a model of finite element has been established to estimate the unrepaired pipes FP. The results show that the FP in unrepaired pipes is identical to the FP predicted by the standards for corroded pipes; however, the FP of repaired system is lower than the predicted results of standard for corroded pipelines

Breathing FIRE: How Stellar Feedback Drives Radial Migration, Rapid Size Fluctuations, and Population Gradients in Low-Mass Galaxies

We examine the effects of stellar feedback and bursty star formation on low-mass galaxies ($M_{\rm star}=2\times10^6-5\times10^{10}{\rm M_{\odot}}$) using the FIRE (Feedback in Realistic Environments) simulations. While previous studies emphasized the impact of feedback on dark matter profiles, we investigate the impact on the stellar component: kinematics, radial migration, size evolution, and population gradients. Feedback-driven outflows/inflows drive significant radial stellar migration over both short and long timescales via two processes: (1) outflowing/infalling gas can remain star-forming, producing young stars that migrate $\sim1{\rm\,kpc}$ within their first $100 {\rm\,Myr}$, and (2) gas outflows/inflows drive strong fluctuations in the global potential, transferring energy to all stars. These processes produce several dramatic effects. First, galaxies' effective radii can fluctuate by factors of $>2$ over $\sim200 {\rm\,Myr}$, and these rapid size fluctuations can account for much of the observed scatter in radius at fixed $M_{\rm star}.$ Second, the cumulative effects of many outflow/infall episodes steadily heat stellar orbits, causing old stars to migrate outward most strongly. This age-dependent radial migration mixes---and even inverts---intrinsic age and metallicity gradients. Thus, the galactic-archaeology approach of calculating radial star-formation histories from stellar populations at $z=0$ can be severely biased. These effects are strongest at $M_{\rm star}\approx10^{7-9.6}{\rm M_{\odot}}$, the same regime where feedback most efficiently cores galaxies. Thus, detailed measurements of stellar kinematics in low-mass galaxies can strongly constrain feedback models and test baryonic solutions to small-scale problems in $\Lambda$CDM.Comment: Accepted to ApJ (820, 131) with minor revisions from v1. Figure 4 now includes dark matter. Main results in Figures 7 and 1

Study the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of PVA/CuCl2 by Ultrasonic

Some of physical properties of polyvinyl alcohol dissolves in distilled water had been studied before and after adding different weights of copper (II) chloride (CuCl2), the Rheological properties shows that the densities variation are intangible and shear viscosity are responsible for reducing velocity, bulk modulus and transmittance the absorption coefficient of ultrasonic waves and relaxation amplitude are increasing with adding copper (II) chloride because there will be more molecules in solution and this lead to more attenuation against wave propagation. Keywords: PVA solution, mechanical properties, rheological properties, ultrasound technique

A Microfluidic Platform for Sequential Assembly and Separation of Synthetic Cell Models.

Funder: University of CambridgeFunder: Blavatnik Family FoundationCell-sized vesicles like giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are established as a promising biomimetic model for studying cellular phenomena in isolation. However, the presence of residual components and byproducts, generated during vesicles preparation and manipulation, severely limits the utility of GUVs in applications like synthetic cells. Therefore, with the rapidly growing field of synthetic biology, there is an emergent demand for techniques that can continuously purify cell-like vesicles from diverse residues, while GUVs are being simultaneously synthesized and manipulated. We have developed a microfluidic platform capable of purifying GUVs through stream bifurcation, where a vesicles suspension is partitioned into three fractions: purified GUVs, residual components, and a washing solution. Using our purification approach, we show that giant vesicles can be separated from various residues─which range in size and chemical composition─with a very high efficiency (e = 0.99), based on size and deformability of the filtered objects. In addition, by incorporating the purification module with a microfluidic-based GUV-formation method, octanol-assisted liposome assembly (OLA), we established an integrated production-purification microfluidic unit that sequentially produces, manipulates, and purifies GUVs. We demonstrate the applicability of the integrated device to synthetic biology through sequentially fusing SUVs with freshly prepared GUVs and separating the fused GUVs from extraneous SUVs and oil droplets at the same time

How To Model Supernovae in Simulations of Star and Galaxy Formation

We study the implementation of mechanical feedback from supernovae (SNe) and stellar mass loss in galaxy simulations, within the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project. We present the FIRE-2 algorithm for coupling mechanical feedback, which can be applied to any hydrodynamics method (e.g. fixed-grid, moving-mesh, and mesh-less methods), and black hole as well as stellar feedback. This algorithm ensures manifest conservation of mass, energy, and momentum, and avoids imprinting 'preferred directions' on the ejecta. We show that it is critical to incorporate both momentum and thermal energy of mechanical ejecta in a self-consistent manner, accounting for SNe cooling radii when they are not resolved. Using idealized simulations of single SN explosions, we show that the FIRE-2 algorithm, independent of resolution, reproduces converged solutions in both energy and momentum. In contrast, common 'fully-thermal' (energy-dump) or 'fully-kinetic' (particle-kicking) schemes in the literature depend strongly on resolution: when applied at mass resolution >100 solar masses, they diverge by orders-of-magnitude from the converged solution. In galaxy-formation simulations, this divergence leads to orders-of-magnitude differences in galaxy properties, unless those models are adjusted in a resolution-dependent way. We show that all models that individually time-resolve SNe converge to the FIRE-2 solution at sufficiently high resolution. However, in both idealized single-SN simulations and cosmological galaxy-formation simulations, the FIRE-2 algorithm converges much faster than other sub-grid models without re-tuning parameters.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures (+8 pages, 6 figures in appendices). MNRAS (updated to match published version