A study of the effectiveness of peer tutoring on mathematics achievement of fifth grade students

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of a peer tutoring program in mathematics on the academic achievement level of fifth grade students. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant difference in the mathematics achievement level of fifth grade students who participated in a peer tutoring program than in the mathematics achievement level of fifth grade students who do not participate in a peer tutoring program in mathematics. The study was a quasi-experimental design consisting of students in two fifth grade classrooms. Twenty-three students from each classroom participated in the study. One class was identified as the experimental group and the other class was identified as the control group. Both groups were pre-tested using a unit test created by the authors of Real Math (see appendix A). The experimental group then participated in a peer tutoring program in mathematics for ten weeks. The control group was taught mathematics without supplemental instruction. Both groups were then post tested using a unit test created by the authors of Real Math. A t-test was administered to determine the significance of the mean post test scores for the experimental and control groups where alpha=.05(alpha value). The t-test revealed no significant difference between the mean post test scores of the two groups

Ultrasonic study of HEC/ ZnO and HEC/ TiO2 film composites prepared by casting method

The HEC/ZnO and HEC/TiO2 composite membranes were prepared by a sol-gel casting method. In order to evaluate some physical properties of HEC/TiO2 and HEC/ZnO composites the ultrasonic measurements were performed for the samples at room temperature (298.15 K.) with frequency (35KHz), these properties are ultrasonic velocity, compressibility, bulk modulus, absorption coefficient, relaxation amplitude, transmittance, relaxation time and viscosity. It was found that there is significant relationship between ultrasonic velocity and material properties also results show that adding ZnO and TiO2 effect on densities which were responsible for the ultrasonic wave’s absorption inside the composites which effected also on the transmittance and reduce velocity. Keywords: HEC composite; ZnO; TiO2; Ultrasound technique; physical propertie

Empirical evidence of recall bias for primary health care visits

BACKGROUND: While it is common for an economic evaluation of health care to rely on trial participants for self-reported health service utilisation, there is variability in the accuracy of this data due to potential recall bias. The aim of this study was to quantify the level of recall bias in self-reported primary health care general practitioner (GP) visits following inpatient rehabilitation over a 12 month period. METHODS: This report is a secondary analysis from a larger randomised control trial of an economic evaluation of additional Saturday inpatient rehabilitation. Participants were adults who had been discharged into the community following admission to an acute general rehabilitation hospital. Participants were asked to recall primary health care visits, including community GP visits, via a telephone questionnaire which was administered at 6 and 12 months following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Participants were asked to recall health service utilisation over each preceding 6 month period. The self-reported data were compared to equivalent claims data from the national insurer, over the same period. RESULTS: 751 participants (75% of the full trial) with a mean age of 74 years (SD 13) were included in this analysis. Over the 12 month period following discharge from rehabilitation there was an under-reporting of 14% in self-reported health service utilisation for GP visits compared to national insurer claims data over the same period. From 0 to 6 months following discharge from rehabilitation, there was an over-reporting of self-reported GP visits of 35% and from 7 to 12 months there was an under-reporting of self-reported GP visits of 36%, compared to national insurer claims data over the same period. 46% of patients reported the same or one number difference in self-reported GP visits between the 0 to 6 and the 7 to 12 month periods. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings we recommend that an economic evaluation alongside a clinical trial for an elderly adult rehabilitation population include a sensitivity analysis that inflates self-reported GP visits by 16% over 12 months. However caution is required when utilising self-reported GP visits as the data may contain periods of both over and under reporting. Where general practitioner visits are expected to vary significantly between intervention and control groups we recommend that administrative data be included in the trial to accurately capture resources for an economic evaluation

Wind-engineering study of Seattle Hotel, Seattle

CER78-79JEC-JAP-AK13.Prepared for John Graham and Company.Includes bibliographical references (pages 32-33).September 1978

Wind-tunnel study of block 259 building, Houston

CER78-79JEC-JAP-AK18.Prepared for Colaco Engineers, Inc.Includes bibliographical references (pages 32-33).January 1979

A Mathematical Models to Assessment Pollution of Water and Sediments of Auda Marsh

A study was carried out to investigate the quality of water and sediments of Auda marsh, Amara, southern Iraq. Used some mathematical models for assessment water and sediments quality. Values of  Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) ranged between 2.63 to 7.31 meq.l-1. It was observed that all sites were good for irrigation (SAR˂10). The mean concentration of metals (Fe, Pb, Zn and Cu) ranged between 1365-3735, 6.00-7.70, 4.50-10.50 and 4.15-8.15 mg.kg-1 respectively. Values of Enrichment Factor (EF) varied from 12.5 to 38.0, considered to be contaminated with that particular elements (EF>5). Values of Contamination Factor (CF) ranged from 0.037 to 0.385, this mean low contamination factor and low degree of contamination at all sites (Cd˂ 7). The calculated CFs were found to fall in the following sequence Pb>Cu>Fe>Zn. Values of Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Metal Pollution Index (MPI) were ranged between 0.095 to 0.145 and 583.21 to 1333.09 respectively. The lower values of PLI indicated that it is lied between perfection and only baseline levels of pollutant present (PLI=0-1), while MPI values indicated that it is a considerable contamination (MPI>2). Values of Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) varied from -3.42 to -1.44, these indicated that unpolluted situation for all stations (Igeo˂0). Metal enrichment index (SEF) values varied from 0.029 to 0.385 this indicated unpolluted stations (SEF˂1). Keywords: pollution, Auda marsh, contamination indices, water & sediment quality

Study the Effect of adding PVA on Some Physical Properties of CMC Polymer as aqueous solutions

Some of physical properties of Carboxy methyl cellulose dissolves in distilled water had been studied at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% ,0.5 ,%,0.6 %,0.7% and 0.8%) gm./ml) before and after adding (0.5, 1 ,1.5 ) gm. of PVA for all concentrations, the Rheological properties such as shear, relative reduced and Specific Viscosity are measured; the mechanical properties such as ultrasonic velocity had been measured by ultrasonic waves system at frequency 45 KHz, other mechanical properties had been calculated such as absorption coefficient of ultrasonic waves, relaxation time, relaxation amplitude, specific acoustic impedance, compressibility and bulk modules. The results show that all these properties are increasing with the increase of the polymer concentration except compressibility is decreasing with increase the concentration; results show that when adding PVA these properties are increasing except viscosity, Relaxation time and compressibility are decreasing. Results also shows that adding PVA polymer to CMC enhances the ultrasonic absorption coefficient as a result of high values after addition. Keywords: CMC solution, PVA solution, mechanical properties, rheological properties, ultrasound technique

Enhancement Rheological and Electrical Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol by adding Methyl Cellulose

In this study the effect of methyl cellulose on the properties of aqueous solutions including density, viscosity and electrical conductivity have been investigated at (293K.), different type of viscosity and electrical properties were measured for polyvinyl alcohol dissolved in distilled water of different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7% and 0.8%)gm./ml  before and after adding (1and 2 ) gm. of methyl cellulose for all concentrations. The shear viscosity, relative viscosity, specific viscosity, reduced viscosity, intrinsic viscosity and Viscosity Average Molecular weight  are measured, all the viscosities depend on density and concentration, The results show that all these properties are increasing with the increase of the polymer concentration before and after adding MC , Results also shows that adding MC polymer to PVA enhances the conductivity, the conductivity measured at room temperature (293 K.), then the molar conductivity and degree of dissociation were calculated and it depending on the values of density, concentration and type of solute_ solvent . Keywords: Polyvinyl Alcohol solution, Methyl cellulose solution, Rheological properties, Electrical properties

Enhancement Mechanical Properties of Polyvinly Alcohol by adding Methyl Cellulose using ultrasonic technique

Some of physical properties of polyvinyl alcohol dissolves in distilled water had been studied at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% , 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%) gm./ml) before and after adding (1and 2 ) gm of MC for all concentrations , the mechanical properties such as ultrasonic velocity had been measured by ultrasonic waves system at frequency 25 KHz, other mechanical properties had been calculated such as absorption coefficient of ultrasonic waves, relaxation time, relaxation amplitude, specific acoustic impedance, compressibility and bulk modules. The results show that all these properties are increasing with the increase of the polymer concentration except compressibility is decreasing with increase the concentration; results show that when adding MC these properties are increasing except compressibility is decreasing. Results also shows that adding MC polymer to PVA enhances these properties as a result of high values after addition. Keywords: PVA solution, MC solution, mechanical properties, ultrasound technique