Evaluation of the Relationship of Democracy and Governance: An Empirical Analysis

Economic, social, political and technological developments have greatly influenced the field of public administration, and new paradigms have been introduced accordingly. Governance, one of these approaches, deals with controversial issues such as changing the state-citizen relationship, strengthening democracy, improving the service provision capacity of the government, and the rule of law, and are discussed at global, national and local levels. Within the scope of this study, the effect of governance on democracy is investigated. Accordingly, the theoretical claim that governance has an impact on democracy is tested with an empirical analysis using quantitative data. In order to test this claim, democracy and governance indices are analysed statistically. Based on these data, various correlation and regression analyses can be made. As a result, it has been determined that governance has a very high effect on democracy. Moreover, there is a high level of correlation and effect between the sub-dimensions of both indices

Serum Oxidative Stress Levels in Patients with Nasal Septal Deviation

Objective:Comparison of the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and paraoxonase (PON1) serum levels in patients with nasal septum deviation (NSD) and healthy subjects.Methods:The TAS, TOS, and PON1 serum levels of 47 patients with NSD (mean age 35.3) and 50 healthy subjects (mean age 37.8) were compared in this study.Results:We found significantly higher TAS levels in the control group (p<0.001). The mean TAS value was 1.196 mmoL/L in the control group, whereas it was 1.046 mmoL/L in the NSD group. On the other hand, TOS was significantly higher in the NSD group (p<0.001). We found that the mean TOS value was 6.600 mmoL/L in the control group, and 20.194 mmoL/L in the NSD group. The NSD and control groups had similar PON1 levels (p=0.446). The mean PON1 value was 279.64 U/L in the control group, and 324.21 U/L in the NSD group.Conclusion:We detected higher TOS and lower TAS levels in patients with NSD compared to healthy subjects. These results indicate that patients with NSD are exposed to oxidative stress

Bölüntülü oktonyon cebiri

Bu tezde amacımız, oktonyon ve bölüntülü (split) oktonyon cebirini detaylı olarak incelemek ve split oktonyon cebirinin elemanlarının matris temsillerini çalışmaktır. Ayrıca, split Fibonacci oktonyonları ve split Lucas oktonyonları incelemektir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak; Bölüm 1 de. çalışma boyunca kullanılacak kavramlar verilmiştir. Bölüm 2 de, önce kuaterniyonlar daha sonra oktonyonlar ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Oktonyon cebirinin özel bir durumu olan split oktonyon cebiri incelenerek, bu cebirlerin genelleştirilmiş durumları ele alınmıştır. Bölüm 3 te, split oktonyon cebiri için, Zorn tarafından tanımlanmış olan vektör matris gösterimi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, yine bu bölümde Zorn matris gösteriminin reel oktonyon cebirine uygulanması ile ilgili tanım ve örneklere de yer verilmiştir. Bölüm 4 te, split Fibonacci ve Lucas oktonyonları incelenmiş ve ilk kez tarafımızdan bu oktonyonların Zorn matris gösterimleri verilmiştir. Son olarak Bölüm 5 da, tez çalışmamızdan çıkan sonuçlar belirtilmiştir.In this thesis, our aim is to investigate octonion and split octonion algebras detailly and give matrix representations for split octonion algebra. In addition, we investigate split Fibonacci octonions and split Lucas oetonions. In this manner; In Chapter 1, notations are given that will be used throughout the study. In Chapter 2, firstly quaternions then octonions are investigated detailly. Split octonion algebra, which is a special case of octonion algebra, is investigated and generalized cases for these algebras are considered. In Chapter 3, for split octonion algebra, vector matrix representation which defined by Zorn is investigated. Also, definition and examples of Zorıı matrix representation for real octonion algebra are given in this chapter. In Chapter 4. split Fibonacci and Lucas octonions are investigated. Zorn matrix representation for these octonions is used by us for the first time. Finally in Chapter 5. the results obtained from our thesis are remarked

Hom-Lie-Hopf cebirler

Bu tezde Hom-Lie-Hopf cebirler tanımlanmıştır ve bu cebir tanımında kullanılacak olan; Hom-cebir, Hom-eşcebir, Hom-Lie cebir, Hom-Bicebir, Hom-Hopf cebir tanımları verilmiştir. Ayrıca, etki ve eşetki yardımıyla cebirler ve eşcebirler üzerinde tanımlanan Hom-modül cebir, Hom-modül eşcebir, Hom-eşmodül cebir ve Hom-eşmodül eşcebir tanımları ve özellikleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Ek olarak, bir Hom-Lie cebirin evrensel zarflama cebirinin tanımı verilmiştir. Kullanılacak tanımlardan olan, iki Hom-Hopf cebir ve bunların aralarındaki etki ile oluşan çift çapraz çarpım Hom-Hopf cebir tanımı verilmiştir. Benzer olarak, iki Hom-Hopf cebir ve bunlar arasındaki etki ve eşetki ile oluşan ikili çapraz çarpım Hom-Hopf cebir tanımı verilmiştir. Son olarak, bahsedilen Hom-Hopf cebirlerde dual tanımına yer verilmiştir. Hom-Lie-Hopf cebirler tanımlanırken yukarıdaki tanımlamalardan aşağıdaki gibi yararlanılmıştır. Hom-Lie-Hopf cebirler, eşlenmiş çift Hom-Lie cebir ikilisi olan (????, ????) üzerinde tanımlanırlar. Belirtilen Hom-Lie cebirlerin evrensel zarflama cebirleri sırasıyla ????(????) ve ????(????) olan Hom-Hopf cebirlerdir. Evrensel zarflama cebiri olan ????(????) ve ????(????) eşlenmiş çift Hom-Hopf cebir ikilisini oluştururlar ve bu yapı sayesinde çift çapraz çarpım Hom-Hopf cebir olan ????(????) ? ????(????) yapısı elde edilir. Dualleme ile ????(????)o yapısının da bir Hom-Hopf cebir olduğu gösterildikten sonra ????(????)o ile ????(????) yapısının karşılıklı Hom-Hopf cebir çifti olduğu gösterilir. Elde edilen bu Hom- Hopf cebir çifti sayesinde ikili çapraz çarpım Hom-Hopf cebiri olan ????(????)o ????(????) bulunur. Sonuç olarak elde edilen bu Hom-Hopf cebiri Hom-Lie-Hopf cebir olarak adlandırılmıştır.In this thesis, the Hom-Lie-Hopf algebras are defined. In order to define the algebra, the definitions of Hom-algebra, Hom-coalgebra, Hom-bialgebra, Hom-Hopf algebra are given. In addition, the action and coaction over algebras and coalgebras are used to obtain Hom-module algebra, Hom-module coalgebra, Hom-comodule algebra, and Hom-comodule coalgebra and their properties are studied. Also, the definition of universal enveloping algebra of Hom-Lie algebra is given. The definition of double cross product of two Hom-Hopf algebras via actions are given. Furthermore, the definition of bicross product of two Hom-Hopf algebras via action and coaction are given. Finally, duality over the Hom-Hopf algebras are mentioned. The Hom-Lie-Hopf algebras are defined with the help of definitions above as follows. Hom-Lie-Hopf algebras are defined over matched pair of Hom-Lie algebras (???, ???). The universal enveloping algebras of them are Hom-Hopf algebras ???(???) and ???(???) respectively. The double cross product Hom-Hopf algebra ???(???) ? ???(???) is constructed via the universal enveloping algebras ???(???) and ???(???). The Hom-Hopf algebra ???(???)o is obtained with duality. The bicross product Hom-Hopf algebra is gained from the pair of Hom-Hopf algebras ???(???)o and ???(???). Hom-Hopf algebra ???(???)o ???(???) is found from the mentioned pair. As the result, the Hom-Hopf algebra is named as Hom-Lie-Hopf algebra

Determining the dominant understandings in security science literature in Turkey: A bibliometric analysis on the journal of security science

The development of a scientific discipline is closely related to the quantity and quality of research conducted within that discipline. Therefore, examining the studies published in a particular field is crucial for evaluating and understanding its development. While there are numerous national and international studies that assess the quality and quantity of research in various disciplines, no such study has been found specifically for the field of security science.This study aims to determine the subjects, approaches, and methods used in research within the field of security science. By analyzing 129 articles published in the Journal of Security Sciences between 2012 and 2021, the study seeks to provide insights and recommendations for the advancement of research in this field. The articles were subjected to bibliometric analysis, considering various criteria such as research objectives, methods, topics, and theoretical foundations. The contributions of these studies to the development of the discipline were evaluated.Based on the analysis of these articles, it is evident that methodological aspects of studies in this field are still in the early stages. The most significant deficiency identified is the lack of practical research in the analyzed articles. Conducting empirical studies is deemed essential for the advancement of security science. Consequently, several suggestions are proposed for future research. Moreover, an evaluation is provided as a foundation for future studies in the field of security science