Effects of dietary diludine supplementation on growth, proximate composition, muscle and texture structure of rainbow trout juveniles

A feeding trial which lasted for eight weeks was conducted to investigate the effects of diludine, a growth promoter, on feed efficiency, muscle structure and proximate composition of juvenile rainbow trout. Diludine was added at 0.0(D0) 0.2(D1), 0.5(D2) and 1(D3) g kg^-1 to a casein-based diet, and every diet was given to the triplicated groups of juvenile rainbow trout. At the end of experiment, it was determined that a significant improvability existed for both growth and feed utilization in fish fed diets supplemented with diludine (p<0.05). Similarly, different concentrations of diludine affected the densitometric quantification of myofibrillar proteins in fish muscle according to results obtained by Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The mean value of fiber diameters significantly increased in skeletal muscle with increasing concentrations of diludine. The histological results also showed hypertrophic adipocytes in skeletal muscle of fish fed D2 and D3 diets. The lowest elasticity values were observed in fish fed the control diet while those fed D3 diet had highest elasticity values. On the other hand, no differences were found between fish fed experimental diets in terms of survival rate and all fish exhibited similar proximate composition for protein, lipid, moisture and ash. Consequently, it may be suggested that dietary diludine supplementation up to 1 g kg^-1 concentration in the diets have positive impacts on growth of rainbow trout juveniles and the better growth in the fish fed with diludine supplements could be arise from muscle characteristics, in particular changes in fibres than proximate composition of the muscles

Rize şehrinde özel kreşlerdeki çocuklarda bağirsak parazitlerinin taranmasi.

PubMed: 17918060In this study, the carriage of intestinal parasites was investigated in a total of 73 children (35 girls, 38 boys) in the 1-6 age-group in two special day nurseries in the city of Rize. Stool samples and cellophane tape preparations were obtained from children three times a month. Parasite cysts or eggs were found in total of 15.0% of the stool samples or cellophane tape preparations from children. It has been determined that 8.5% of the girls and 21.0% of the boys were parasite porters, and that all of these were asymptomatic carriers. Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba coli + Iodamoeba bütschlii, Taenia spp. and Enterobius vermicularis were detected at rates of 11.0%, 1.3%, 1.3% and 1.3%, respectively

Rapid and efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of some new triazol-3-one derivatives

A growing body of literature has shown the effectiveness of using microwaves in chemical reactions. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a rapid and highly efficient synthesis of some new triazol-3-ones via microwave heating using a monomode microwave. Compared with the thermal process, the microwave heating induces a dramatic reduction of the reaction time and improvement of the yields. In this study, rapid N-benzylation and N-acetylation of triazol-3-ones were achieved by microwave irradiation method for the first time. The newly synthesized compounds showed moderate antimicrobial activity against the standard bacterial and fungal organisms tested. © 2013 HeteroCorporation

Synthesis of methyl (E)-2?,4?-thiazachalcones and their N-alkyl derivatives, photochemistry with theoretical calculations and antimicrobial activities

A series of 9 new (E) -thiazachalcones (1-3), and their N -alkyl substituted derivatives (4-6), and stereoselective dimerization products (7-9) were synthesized, then tested for antimicrobial activity against all test microorganisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The new compounds (1-6) without dimerization products (7-9) showed good antimicrobial property against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocitogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis. The possible dimerization products of compounds (1-3) were calculated theoretically. Experimental and theoretical calculation showed that ? -truxinic type dimer is the most stable isomer. © TÜBİTAK

Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from vicia dadianorum extracted by hydro and microwave distillations

The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of extraction methods on yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of Vicia dadianorum Somm. & Lev. The volatiles of V. dadianorum have been isolated by hydro and microwave distillations (HD and MD). The compositions of the essential oils were characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of seventy-six and fifty-six compounds were identified, constituting over 90.9%, and 80.1% of oil composition of V. dadianorum, respectively. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were shown to be the main group of volatiles (HD: 26.2% and MD: 15.9%). The major terpene constituent of the essential oils of V. dadianorum was ?-elemene (HD, 13.7% and MD, 8.4%). Comparative study showed that the amount of total volatiles (90.9%) and the major constituent (26.2%) were found to be better in HD of V. dadianorum. The antimicrobial activity of the isolated essential oils of the plant was also investigated, and it showed moderate antimicrobial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Candida albicans

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from the flower, leaf, and stem of Senecio pandurifolius

The essential oils from the fresh flower, leaf, and stem of Senecio pandurifolius (Asteraceae) were isolated by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of forty-five, sixty, and forty-two compounds were identified, constituting over 90.1%, 88.0%, and 89.0% of oil composition of the flower, leaf, and stem of S. pandurifolius, respectively. The chemical profile reveals the dominance of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (flower: 42.4%, leaf: 43.4%, stem: 52.3%). The main components of essential oils own to S. pandurifolius were ?-cuprenene (30.7%) in flower, ?-zingiberene (16.1%) in leaf and ?- curcumene (14.9%) in stem. Terpene related compounds were in minor amounts in all parts (flower: 1.4%, leaf: 1.5%, stem: 1.9%) of the S. pandurifolius. Also there was no monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes in the essential oil of the stem. In addition, antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of S. pandurifolius were investigated. The oils showed activity against Gram positive bacteria, mycobacterium and fungi, but not Gram negative bacteria. A high antimycobacterial activity was observed with leaf essential oil, which deserves further investigation to determine its active components. © 2011 Reproduction is free for scientific studies

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel di-triazoles and 4-arylidene amino 4,5 dihydro-1H-[1,2,4] triazole-5-one derivatives

A series of novel di-[3(thiophen-2-yl-methyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2,4] triazole-5-one-4yl]n-alkanes (2a-h) were obtained by the reaction of N'-1-ethoxy-2-thiophen-2-yl-ethylydene hydrazino carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1) and diamines. Compound 3 was reacted with aldehydes and 4-(arylidene-amino)-3- thiophen-2-yl-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2,4] triazole-5-ones (4, 5, and 8) with Schiff base character were synthesized. (4-(arylidene-amino)-5-oxo-3-thiophen-2- yl-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2,4]triazole-1-yl)-acetic acid ethyl esters (6, 7, and 9) were obtained by the reaction of 4-(arylidene-amino)-3-thiophen-2-yl- methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2,4]triazole-5-ones (4, 5, and 8) and ethyl bromoaeetate. The structures of the new compounds were inferred through IR, 1H/13C NMR, elemental analyses, and mass spectral data. Compound 8i was characterized by IR, 1H/13C NMR, elemental analyses, mass, and X-ray spectral techniques. Geometry optimization of compounds 2a, 2c, 2f, 4, and 5 was achieved by computer using the AM1 method. Compounds 2f, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8i, and 9k showed good antifungal activity only against yeast fungi, while compound 2d showed antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC10145, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212 and the yeast fungi Candida albicans ATCC 60193 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803. © TÜBITAK

Altitude variation in the composition of essential oils, fatty acid methyl esters, and antimicrobial activities of two subspecies of primula vulgaris grown in Turkey

In this study, the changes caused by variation of altitude to the essential oils (EOs), fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and antimicrobial activities of Primula vulgaris Huds. subsp. vulgaris (Pvv) and P. vulgaris Huds. subsp. sibthorpii (Hoffmanns) W.W.Sm. and Forrest (Pvs)) grown in Turkey were investigated. Major fluctuations in the composition of Pvv and Pvs oils included methyl-4-methoxy salicylate (4.5-35.3%; Pvv and 3.2-37.2%; Pvs), (Z,Z,Z)-7,10,13- hexadecatrienal (5.1-21.8%; Pvv and 4.4-15.2%; Pvs ) and flavone (5.5-14.9%; Pvv and 1.6-18.0%; Pvs). Fatty acid profile (C6:0-C26:0) changes were noted in Pvv and Pvs. Methyl hexadecanoate (2.4-9.3%) and methyl octadecanoate (1.0-4.7%) were present in all the FAME samples of the plants. The antimicrobial activity of the EOs of Pvv and Pvs were tested against nine bacterial species, which showed activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) varying from 8.5 to 59.2 ?g/mL in all samples, respectively, depending on the altitude at which the oils were obtained

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from the aerial parts of Astragalus hamzaoglui extracted by hydrodistillation and microwave distillation

The essential oils from the areal parts (flower, leaf and stem) of Astragalus hamzaoglui were isolated by hydrodistillation (HD) and a microwave distillation (MD) process. The composition of the volatiles was analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS and screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Totals of 68/64, 65/64, and 68/67 compounds were identified in the flower, leaf, and stem oils of A. hamzaoglui accounting for 92.9- 95.0% in HD and 87.4-90.7% in MD, respectively. The essential oils consisted mainly of oxygenated monoterpenes (flower, HD: 33.3% vs. MD: 2.3%, leaf, HD: 8.0% vs. MD: 2.7%, stem, HD: 10.8% vs. MD: 4.7%), alcohols (flower, HD: 13.6% vs. MD: 10.4%, leaf, HD: 51.6% vs. MD: 3.6%, stem, HD: 35.4% vs. MD: 7.6%) and aldehydes (flower, HD: 15.5% vs. MD: 27.9%, leaf, HD: 10.0% vs. MD: 14.8%, stem, HD: 17.2% vs. MD: 24.5%). The major component of the oils of A. hamzaoglui was 1-octene-3-ol (flower, HD: 11.3% vs. MD: 8.8%, leaf, HD: 45.50% vs. MD: 3.3%, stem, HD: 32.6% vs. MD: 6.9%). Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the minor constituents in all parts (flower, HD: 0.8% vs. MD: 0.4%, leaf, HD: 0.2% vs. MD: 0.4%, stem, HD: 0.4% vs. MD: 0.4%). of the A. hamzaoglui. Comparative study showed that the amount of total volatiles (flower, 95.0%, leaf, 92.9%, and stem, 95.0%) and the major constituent for the low molecular weight of essential oils were found to be better in HD of A. hamzaoglui. The oils were screened for antimicrobial activity against 12 microorganisms and showed antibacterial and antifungal activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus 702 Roma, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The antifungal activity was observed for the all tested oils against S. cerevisiae except stem oil of HD

Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of the essential oils of mosses (Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. and Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr.) growing in Turkey

In the present work, the volatiles of mosses [Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. (Hylocomiaceae) and Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr. (Leucodontaceae)] have been investigated by GC-FID and GC/MS. Fifty-eight compounds in the oil of H. splendens, representing 75.4%, and 41 compounds in the oil of L. sciuroides, representing 87.6%, were identified. The major components were found to be ? -pinene (11.6%) and a-pinene (8.9%) in the oil of H. splendens, and nonanal (26.8%) and heptanal (13.7%) in the oil of L. sciuroides. The essential oil of H. splendens was rich in monoterpenes (30.8%), and aldehydes (49.9%) were the major constituents in the oil of L. sciuroides. The antimicrobial activities of the isolated essential oils of the mosses were also investigated. The essential oil of H. splendens showed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and the fungus Candida albicans with minimum inhibition concentrations in the range of 428-857 ?g/mL, respectively. The oil of L. sciuroides only showed activity against fungus C. albicans (711 ?g/mL). © TÜBITAK