Performance Monitoring of Optical Network using Bit Error Rate

With the increase in demand of broadband services, channel complexity has been increased. Therefore it has become necessary to monitor the performance of optical networks. Quality of service monitoring is very important tool in maintaining a strong, reliable and high capacity optical network. When one talks about QoS, BER is the parameter which needs to be monitored. In the proposed work, BER for 1m and 3m fiber cable is calculated through experimental setup and simulations. Simulations has been done in OPTSIM and later on behavior of network is compared with the experimental data. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15056

Plant Recognition using Hog and Artificial Neural Network

This paper presents a plant leaf recognition system being implemented through Artificial Neural Networks. The system proposed is designed using MATLAB Software which takes a leaf image from the user and classifies, recognizes the plant species and shows all the relevant details about the plant.it also incorporates a webpage from various plant databases. The leaf features are extracted by using a HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) vector and the ANN(Artificial Neural Network) is used in training through Backpropagation. We have extracted the HOG features from the flavia datasheet of leaves and trained them in the Neural Network. The results were nearly perfect and the accuracy of the program implemented is very high compared with other models

Comparison in Behavior of FSO System under Clear Weather and FOG Conditions

Free space Optical (FS0) communication has been emerged as a more conventional means of communication rather than the traditional optical communication. Its high speed of up to 2.5GHz and the license free long range operations makes its more superior system over other communication systems. Not only have these factors made it a better communication system but there are many other advantages of these systems like, small size, high bandwidth and low cost. Free space optical communication has some limitations also like its degradation in bad weather conditions. Weather effects the performance of the free space optical communication by means of scattering. In this paper we will design a FSO system which has range of 1 km and data rate of 2.5Gbps and check its performance in clear weather and fog conditions

Effects of dietary selenium on biochemical composition of rat testis

509-511Treatment of rats with selenium (6 and 8 ppm in diet) for 6 and 9 weeks resulted in decrease in testicular protein, phospholipid content and LDH activity and an increase in the lipid, cholesterol content and activity of ACP and ALP. These alterations have been discussed in relation to interference of selenium in various metabolic processes of testis. It seems that selenium affects the oxido-reductase activity of glutathione and resulting in oxidative damage to testis

A Novel MRI And CT Image Fusion Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform and Principal Component Analysis for Enhanced Clinical Diagnosis

A large percentage of healthcare resources, including imaging tools, like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) have been dedicated to the management of affected patients in this pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The diagnostic modalities in medical research are improving at a rapid pace with an objective to acquire maximum information with as little data as possible without any artifacts. That is where image fusion comes into the picture. It is a technique of merging source medical pictures to maximize the necessary information. CT is generally used for bony structures, whereas MRI is more appropriate for soft tissues. A fusion of MRI and CT images would lead to enhancement of the overall image quality while giving comprehensive information, at the same time artifacts are also eliminated. Image fusion methods are applied in medical science and various other sectors. Several image processing techniques are used in medical diagnostics, like Principal Component analysis (PCA), Intensity-Hue-Saturation, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and others. This study suggests an image fusion algorithm utilising the principal component averaging and the DWT along with the performance analysis of the fusion of the MRI and CT images of brain. The technique used in our study significantly enhances the image quality in terms of various fusion performance measures that helps the medical practitioners to diagnose any infection and aids in its treatment.

Investigating the relationship between language and ethnic identity construction amongst youth in the Singaporean-Tamil speech community

Singapore’s bilingual education policy has been shaped largely by the government’s belief that the mother tongue languages (mainly Mandarin, Malay and Tamil) are essential ‘cultural ballast’ to give Singaporean youth a firm grounding in Asian values at a time of increasing globalisation. However, given the noticeable language shift from Tamil to English within the Singaporean Tamil community (as indicated by recent census data), there is an increasing need to investigate how language and identity is now being constructed within the Tamil community. This research examined the connection between language and identity within the Singaporean-Tamil youth speech community. This project focussed on how current usage and proficiency of Tamil influences the identities of Singaporean Tamil youth as Tamils. This research also explored additional issues linked to being a ‘Tamil’, such as other competing identities and the relationship of these identities to language choice within the Singaporean Tamil speech community. This research indicates that although Tamil youth declare that the maintenance of the Tamil language is an important part of Tamil identity, the actual results of investigation indicate a rather more complex reality.Bachelor of Art

A Novel MRI And CT Image Fusion Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform and Principal Component Analysis for Enhanced Clinical Diagnosis

A large percentage of healthcare resources, including imaging tools, like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) have been dedicated to the management of affected patients in this pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The diagnostic modalities in medical research are improving at a rapid pace with an objective to acquire maximum information with as little data as possible without any artifacts. That is where image fusion comes into the picture. It is a technique of merging source medical pictures to maximize the necessary information. CT is generally used for bony structures, whereas MRI is more appropriate for soft tissues. A fusion of MRI and CT images would lead to enhancement of the overall image quality while giving comprehensive information, at the same time artifacts are also eliminated. Image fusion methods are applied in medical science and various other sectors. Several image processing techniques are used in medical diagnostics, like Principal Component analysis (PCA), Intensity-Hue-Saturation, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and others. This study suggests an image fusion algorithm utilising the principal component averaging and the DWT along with the performance analysis of the fusion of the MRI and CT images of brain. The technique used in our study significantly enhances the image quality in terms of various fusion performance measures that helps the medical practitioners to diagnose any infection and aids in its treatment. &nbsp

Evaluating peripheral blood inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers as predictors in diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema

Purpose: To determine the correlation between serum inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 100 diabetic patients. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 (patients with no DR, n = 27), group 2 (DR with DME, n = 34), and group 3 (DR without DME, n = 39). Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by quantitative turbidimetric immunoassay and sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassay, respectively. Metabolic parameters such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), serum creatinine, and blood urea were determined by automated analyzer om-360 after standardization. Results: The levels of IL-6 and CRP differed significantly in patients with DR and without DR (P < 0.001 and P = 0.045, respectively). We also found a positive correlation between IL-6 and CRP with the severity of DR. When DR patients with DME were compared to patients without DME, only IL-6 was observed to be significantly elevated (P < 0.001). None of the metabolic markers correlated significantly with DR and DME. Conclusion: Significantly raised levels of serum inflammatory biomarkers can be used to elucidate the significant role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of DR. Therefore, circulating biomarkers can serve as diagnostic and therapeutic predictors for monitoring the onset and progression of DR and DME

Association of risk factors with severity of meibomian gland dysfunction

Background: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is an alteration in the function of meibomian glands, leading to decreased tear film stability. We aimed to assess the severity of MGD and correlate it with various risk factors. Material and methods: After taking permission from the Institutional Ethical Committee, a prospective observational case-control study was conducted in a tertiary care centre on 100 consecutive patients diagnosed with MGD. After taking informed consent, patients were assessed for the severity of MGD and correlated with risk factors. Results: The mean age of cases and controls was 53.61 ± 14.02 and 50.7 ± 13.0 years, respectively. Watering and heaviness were found to be the most common symptom in patients diagnosed with MGD. A significant correlation was observed between MGD and elderly females, contact lens wearers, smokers, diabetics, excessive use of visual display terminal, rheumatoid arthritis, use of anti-allergics, anti-hypertensive, anti-depressant, and topical antiglaucoma drugs (p &lt; 0.05). Increasing severity of MGD was associated with female sex, serum triglycerides &gt; 150 mg/dL, total cholesterol &gt; 200 mg/dL, serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) &gt; 130 mg/dL and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) &gt; 40 mg/dL. Conclusion: The observations in the study suggest a positive correlation between the severity of MGD and dyslipidemia, a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. A thorough systemic workup is advisable in patients presenting to an ophthalmologist with severe MGD. Identifying and removing or modifying risk factors aggravating MGD would help alleviate their symptoms and improve their quality of life