The Effect of Graphic Symbol Learning Environments On Verbal Problem Solving Skills Of Hearing-Impaired Students

Alternative communication means based on graphs such as photos, drawings and picture symbols could beused effectively for hearing- impaired people, but the literature provides few of such examples. Present study investigatesthe effectiveness of graphic symbol learning environments in problem solving skills of 4 hearing impaired students atelementary 3rd grade. The researchers made a problem pool of 22 items on add subtract. 5 of the problems were selectedfrom the pool to give the students a test. In this way, the participants verbal problem solving skills in add subtract weredefined in pre- test. Next, the problems were presented in graphic symbols. Each of the sentences in presentations wasconverted into graphic symbol sentences. It was followed by reading and understanding the problem, discussing givenvalues, students noting the problem statement on notebooks (including graphic sentences of the verbal problem only), andthe teacher%252Fstudent solved the problem on the whiteboard. In the end of the practices, the pre test verbal problem was givenagain after modifying the numbers. It was found in pre tests that the students added all of the numbers in a column. On thecontrary, the participants could determine which steps they should do subsequently for each problem in the post test

Evoked Potentials in Type 1 Diabetic Children and Their Relation with Synchronous Blood Glucose, Serum and İ ntracellular Magnesium and Glycosylated Haemoglobin Levels

Tip I Diabetes Mellitus çocukluk çağının ciddi komplikasyonlar ile seyreden kronik metabolik hastalıklarından biridir. Buçalışmanın amacı Tip I Diabetes Mellituslu çocuklarda erken dönemde santral sinir sistemi tutulumunun uyarılmış potansiyelleraracılığıyla değerlendirilmesi ve metabolik değişikliklerle ilişkisini saptamaktır. Çalışmaya 5-14 yaş arasında 31 Tip I DiabetesMellituslu ve aynı yaş ve cinsiyette 35 sağlam çocuk alındı. Olgulardan 8 saat açlık sonrası HbA1c, kan şekeri, serum ve hücre içimagnezyum düzeyleri için kan örnekleri alındı. Tüm olguların otoskopik muayeneleri, işitme testleri ve uyarılmış potansiyelölçümleri yapıldı. Gruplar metabolik parametreler, diabet süresi ve uyarılmış potansiyeller açısından karşılaştırıldı. Çalışmagrubunun HbA1c ve kan şekeri değerleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek, serum Mg değerleri istatistiksel olarakanlamlı oranda düşük saptandı (p0.05). Diabetik gruptaki tüm bu etkilenmelerin serum ve hücre içi magnezyumu, eş zamanlı kan şekeri, diabet süresive HbA1c düzeyleri ile ilişkili olduğu bulundu (p0.05). The significant difference of the evoked potentials in the diabetic groups was highly related with HbA1c and serum and intracellular magnesium levels as well as blood glucose levels and duration of diabetes (p<0.05). In conclusion, central nervous system involvement, highly related with synchronous blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, duration of diabetes, serum and intracellular magnesium levels may be the earliest complication in diabetes mellitus that can be detected by evoked potentials. We consider that serum and intracelluler magnesium levels and evoked potentials will be useful in the routine follow up of diabetes mellitus

The evaluation of vitamin K status in children with febrile seizure

Background: Febrile seizure is the most common neurological disorder in childhood. The exact pathophysiology of febrile seizures is unknown. Recent studies showed the role of vitamin K in nonhematological and inflammatory disorders. This study aimed to investigate the serum vitamin K levels in children with febrile seizures. Aims: To evaluate vitamin K levels in children with febrile seizures. Study Design: Prospective case-control study. Methods: This multicenter study examined representative populations in 8 different cities in Turkey between April 1, 2018 and April 1, 2019. Blood samples were taken from all children at presentation. Vitamin K1, vitamin K2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A total of 155 children were included in the study—84 children with febrile seizures and 71 children in febrile control group. Serum vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 levels were also higher in children with febrile seizures than in the controls. The results of statistical analysis showed that vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 levels were correlated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 levels. The median vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 levels of children experiencing their first febrile seizure were higher than those in children with recurrent febrile seizures. Type of febrile seizure has no effect on serum vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 levels. Conclusion: In children with febrile seizures, vitamin K levels are higher than those in the control group. These new findings may contribute to elucidating the etiopathogenesis of febrile seizures

Depression in parents of patients with cerebral palsy and epilepsy and quality of life from the perspective of Parents

Çocukluk çağında görülen nörolojik hastalıklar, bu hastalıkların süreçleri ve tedavileri hem çocukların hem de ebeveynlerin gündelik yaşamını oldukça etkilemektedir. Çocukluk çağı nörolojik hastalıklarından özellikle serebral palsi ve epilepsi dikkati çekmektedir. Yaşam kalitesinin yanısıra ebeveynlerde ve çocuklarda uzun dönemli hastalık bağlantılı etkenler depresif bozukluk ve çeşitli anksiyete ya da uyum bozukluklarına sebep olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Nöroloji Bilim Dalı tarafından Serebral Palsi veya epilepsi tanılarıyla takip edilen hastalarda yaşam kalitesinin düzeyini belirleme, bunun yanısıra ebeveynlerdeki depresif bozukluk sıklığını tanımlama amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma grubu, 267 epilepsi hastası ve 28 Serebral Palsi ve kontrol grubu 201 sağlıklı çocuktan oluşmuştur. Çalışma ve kontrol grupları arasında cinsiyet, yaş,anne-baba akrabalığı, çoğul gebelik, intauterin büyüme, annede sigara ve alkol kullanımı, gebelik enfeksiyon öyküsü, gebelik esnasında ilaç kullanımı, gebelikte DM ve HT, ailede depresyon öyküsü açısından anlamlı istatiksel bir fark bulunamamıştır. Serebral Palsi grubunda; lise düzeyinde öğrenim gören çocuk sayısı diğer iki gruba göre anlamlı oranda düşük bulunmuşken, özel eğitim gören çocuk sayısı, oksijensiz kalma oranı, yenidoğan nöbet oranı ve Denver testi ile değerlendirilme oranı diğer iki gruba göre anlamlı şekilde yüksek olarak saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Hastaların bakım verenleri depresyon açısından Beck Depresyon Ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Kontrol grubunun skoru 3,53 ± 1,63, epilepsi grubunun skoru 8,68 ± 3,20 ve SP grubunun skoru 11,92 ± 3,81 idi. Gruplar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,001). SP’li grubun skoru hem kontrol grubuna hem de epilepsi grubuna göre daha yüksek olarak saptanmıştır (p<0,001, p=0,03). Epilepsi, grubunun skoru ise kontrol grubuna göre yüksek olarak bulundu.Yaşam kalitesi skorları ise kontrol grubu, epilepsi ve Serebral Palsi gruplarında sırasıyla 96,34 ± 6,44 , 86,06 ± 11,97 ve 70,74 ± 25.5 idi. Gruplar arasında yaşam kalitesi skoru açısından anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (p<0,001). Serebral Palsi ve epilepsi gruplarındaki skorun kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Sonuç olarak çalışmamız bu bölgedeki Serebral Palsi ve epilepsi tanılı çocukların yaşam kalitesi ve bakımverenlerin depresif özelliklerini belirlemiştir. Serebral Palsi ve epilepsili çocukları olan ailelerin yaşam kalitesi ve depresyonu düzeltmek açısından desteklenmesi ailelerdeki başetme mekanizmalarını güçlendirecektir. Bu şekilde bir yaklaşım çocukların tedavilerini de olumlu yönden etkileyecektir. Bu yönde yapılacak çalışmalar kronik hastalıklardan olan serebral palsi ve epilepsili çocukların ve ailelerinin yaşadıkları sorunların farkındalığını arttıracak ve yapılacak desteğin artmasına olanak sağlayacaktır.Neurological diseases seen in childhood, and the processes and treatments of these diseases affect the daily life of both children and their parents. Cerebral palsy and epilepsy are particularly noteworthy among childhood neurological diseases. In addition to affecting quality of life, long-term stress-related stressors can cause depressive disorder and various anxiety or adjustment disorders in parents and children. In the present study, it was aimed to determine the level of quality of life in patients who applied to or were followed up in our pediatric neurology department with the diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy or epilepsy, as well as the frequency of depressive disorder in parents. A total of 496 participants, including 201 control subjects, 267 patients with epilepsy, and 28 patients with cerebral palsy were included in the study. There were no differences between groups in terms of gender, age, parental consanguinity, multiple pregnancy, intrauterine growth, maternal smoking and alcohol use, pregnancy infection history, drug use during pregnancy, DM and HT during pregnancy, and family history of depression. In the Cerebral Palsy group, the number of children at high school level was found to be significantly lower than the other two groups; however, the number of children receiving special education, the rate of oxygen absence, the rate of neonatal seizure, and the rate of evaluation by the Denver test were significantly higher than the other two groups (p<0,05). Caregivers of the patients were assessed with the Beck Depression Scale for depression. The score of the control group was 3,53 ± 1,63, the score of the epilepsy group was 8,68 ± 3,20, and the score of the Cerebral Palsy group was 11,92 ± 3,81. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p<0,001). The score of the Cerebral Palsy group was found to be higher than both the control group and the epilepsy group. The score of the epilepsy group was found to be higher than the control group.The scores for quality of life were 96,34 ± 6,44, 86,06 ± 11,97, and 70,74 ± 25.5 respectively in the control group, epilepsy, and Cerebral Palsy groups. There was a significant difference between groups in terms score for quality of life score (p<0,001). The scores in the epilepsy and Cerebral Palsy groups were found to be lower than the control group (p<0,001). This study also contributes to literature by concurrently determining the quality of life of children with Cerebral Palsy and epilepsy and depressive symptoms of the caregivers in this region.This approach will also affect children's treatment positevely.The work to be done in this direction will increase the awereness of the problems of the children with cerebral palsy and epilepsy which are chronic diseases and the problems that the families are experiencing, the support of families with children with cerebral palsy and epilepsy in terms of improving quality of life and depression will strengthen the coping mechanisms in the family

Türkiye'nin güneyinde Hatay'da hemoglobinopati tarama sonuçları

Amaç: ?-Talasemi ve hemoglobinopatiler yaygın genetik bozukluklardır. Bu nedenle evlilik öncesi çiftler ya da her anemik kişi rutin hemoglobinopatiler açısından incelenmelidir. Bu retrospektif çalışmada amacımız, ?-Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Edirnetalasemi ve hemoglobinopati sıklığını Türkiye'nin güney kesiminde bulunan Hatay'da, saptamaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada veriler, Ocak 2006 ve Ekim 2012 tarihleri arasında anemi nedeni ile ve evlilik öncesi araştırma için Hatay Antakya Devlet Hastanesi Hemoglobinopati Merkezi'ne başvuran 70226 bireyden alınmıştır. Kan örnekleri EDTA'lı tüplere alınmış ve hematolojik parametreler bir Sysmex XT-2000i Hematology Analyzer kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi tekniği hemoglobin tiplerini belirlemek için kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Hemoglobinopati sıklığı ?-Talasemi taşıyıcılığı % 6, orak hücre anemisi taşıyıcılığı %6,3, ?-talasemi taşıyıcılığı? %12,9 ve diğer anormal hemoglobinopatili varyantları % 4,2 idi. Homozigot ?-talasemi 49 olguda, homozigot hemoglobin S 60 olguda, HbH hastalığı (bir talasemi intermedia) 33 olguda tespit ettik. Tartışma: ?-talasemi taşıyıcılığı ve diğer hemoglobinopati sıklığının Hatay'da Türkiye'de diğer iller ile karşılaştırıldığında oldukça yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur.Aim: ?-Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies are common genetic disorders in Turkey. Because of this reason, either anemic people or couples before marriage are investigated for hemoglobinopathies routinly. In this retrospective study, our aim was to determine the frequency of ?-thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies in Hatay, which is located in the southern part of Turkey. Material and Method: In this study, data from 70226 individuals, admitted to Antakya State Hospital Hemoglobinopathy Center in Hatay, both for the reason of anemia and before marriage investigations, were evaluated between January 2006 and October 2012. The blood samples were collected into EDTA-containing tubes and hematological parameters were analyzed using a Sysmex XT-2000i Hematology Analyzer. High performance liquid chromatography technique was used to determine the type of hemoglobin. Results: The frequency of hemoglobinopaties were 6% ?-Thalassemia trait, 6.3% sickle cell trait, 12.9% ?-thalassaemia trait? and 4.2 % other abnormal hemoglobinopaties variants. We detected 49 cases with homozygot ?-thalassaemia, 60 cases with homozygot haemoglobin S, 33 cases with HbH disease (thalassaemia intermedia) among all. Discussion: The frequency of ?-thalassemia trait and other haemoglobinopathies in Hatay is found to be quite high as compared with other provinces in Turkey

Viral etiological causes of febrile seizures for respiratory pathogens (EFES Study)

Background: Febrile seizure is the most common childhood neurological disorder, is an important health problem with potential short- and long-term complications, also leading to economic burden and increased parental anxiety about fevers and seizures occurring in their children. There are no routine recommendation to detect etiological causes of FS for neurological perspective, further knowledge about the etiological causes of FS in children will support preventive measures and follow-up strategies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the percentage of respiratory viruses in children with FS. Methods: This prospective multicenter study, entitled "Viral etiological causes of febrile seizures for respiratory pathogens (EFES Study)" examined representative populations in eight different cities in Turkey between March 1, 2016 and April 1, 2017. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from all children at presentation. A respiratory multiplex array was performed to detect for influenza A and B; respiratory syncytial virus A and B; human parainfluenza virus 1-2-3 and 4; human coronavirus 229E and OC43; human rhinovirus; human enterovirus; human adenovirus; human bocavirus; human metapneumovirus. Results: During the study period, at least one virus was detected in 82.7% (144/174) of children with FS. The most frequently detected virus was adenovirus, followed by influenza A and influenza B. Detection of more than one virus was present in 58.3% of the children with FS, and the most common co-existence was the presence of adenovirus and influenza B. In children younger than 12 months, Coronavirus OC43 was the most common, while influenza A was most frequently observed in children older than 48 months (p ). Human bocavirus was common in children who experienced complex FS, while respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A was more common in children who experienced simple FS. Influenza B virus was the most common virus identified in children who were experiencing their first incidence of FS (p ). Conclusions: This study indicates that respiratory viruses are important in the etiology of FS in children. The results show that antibiotics must be prescribed carefully in children with FS since the majority of cases are related to viral causes. Widespread use of the existing quadrivalent influenza vaccine might be useful for the prevention of FS related to the flu. Further vaccine candidates for potential respiratory pathogens, including RSV, might be helpful for the prevention of FS