ODUN PLASTİK KOMPOZİTLERİN ÜRETİLMESİNDE TARIMSAL ATIKLARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Odun plastik kompozitler (OPK); odun unu ya da tarımsal atıkların polimer matrisi içerisine katılmasıyla üretilen kompozit malzemeler olarak adlandırılmaktadır. OPK üretiminde saf polimerler kullanılabildiği gibi geri dönüşüm (atık) polimerler de kullanılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada orman endüstrisi veya lignoselülozik esaslı atıklar kullanılarak üretilen odun plastik kompozitlerin mekanik ve morfolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir.  Bu amaçla okaliptus odun unu, pamuk karpeli ve buğday sapları kullanılmıştır.  Termoplastik malzeme olarak geri dönüşüm yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen (YYPE) değerlendirilmiştir. Kompozit örneklerin üretimi ekstrüzyon ve pres kalıplama yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretilen kompozit örnekler üzerinde çekme ve eğilme direnci, elastikiyet modülü ve darbe direnci değerleri ASTM standartları takip edilerek belirlenmiştir. Elektron mikroskobu yardımıyla morfolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir.  Bu tip odun plastik kompozit malzemeler mobilya endüstrisinde kapı-pencere doğraması, park-bahçe mobilyası ve kamelya malzemesi gibi kullanılma potansiyelleri bulunmaktadır

Determination of the Best Growth Curve and Measurement Interval in Norduz Male Lambs

The aim of this study, was to determine the best non-linear model and measure interval (biweekly or monthly) in explaining the body weight-age relationship in Norduz male lambs born in 2004. For this aim, Brody, Logistic, Gompertz and Richards non-linear models were fitted to the average body weight-age data with 15 (biweekly) days and 30 (monthly) days of measure intervals. Although, Logistic model become equal to Richards model (99.8%) for two intervals, Logistic model had lower RMSE than Richards model. Therefore, the best non-linear model for 2 intervals was Logistic model having the highest coefficient of determination (R2) but the lowest Root of Means Square Error (RMSE). Contrary to Brody non-linear model, the usage of 30 days of measure intervals performed positive effect on Logistic, Gompertz and Richards non-linear models instead of 15 days of measure interval. As a result, it was concluded that the best non-linear model for Norduz male lambs was Logistic model and the appropriate measure interval for Norduz male lambs was monthly interval

Determination of The Relationship Between Hopelessness-Depression Frequency and SocioDemographic Features in Students of School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University

Amaç Depresyon ve umutsuzluk kişinin verimliliğini kaybetmesine, yaşam kalitesinin bozulmasına neden olan önemli problemlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde depresyon ve umutsuzluk sıklığını ve sosyodemografik özelliklerle arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Materyal ve Metod Kesitsel-analitik tipte olan bu çalışma 02–04 Mart 2009 tarihleri arasında yürütüldü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü sınıf öğrencileri çalışmaya dahil edildi. Çalışmaya 330 öğrenciden 226’sı (% 68,5) katıldı. Öğrencilere, sosyodemografik özelliklerini saptamaya yönelik anket formu, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği, Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği gözlem altında uygulandı. Beck depresyon ölçeğine göre 17 ve üzeri puan alanlar olası depresif olarak sınıflandırıldı. Veriler istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular Öğrencilerin Beck umutsuzluk ölçeği puan ortalamaları 5,3±4,6 bulundu. Beck depresyon ölçeğine göre 64’ü (%28,3) olası depresif bulundu. Olası depresif olanlarda Beck umutsuzluk ölçeği puan ortalaması normal olanlara göre daha yüksekti (p=0.00). Birinci sınıf öğrencilerinde diğer sınıflardaki öğrencilere göre (p=0.03), kızlarda erkeklere göre (p=0.02), yurtta kalan öğrencilerde ise yurtta kalmayanlara göre (p=0.001) depresyon puanları daha yüksek bulundu. Öğrencilerin yaşları, ailenin aylık gelir düzeyleri, ebeveynlerinin öğrenim durumları ile umutsuzluk ve depresyon oranları karşılaştırıldığında aralarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı. Sonuç Sonuç olarak, temel tıp öğrencilerinde depresyon oranı yüksek olmakla birlikte, olası depresif öğrencilerde umutsuzluk puanları da yüksek bulunmuştur. Tıp öğrencilerine rehberlik ve danışmanlık hizmetlerinin verilmesi, mezuniyet sonrası depresyon ve umutsuzluğun mesleki yaşantılarına olabilecek etkilerini azaltmaya yönelik etkili önleme ve izleme programlarının geliştirilmesi uygun olacaktır.Aim Depression and hopelessness, cause impairment in the quality of life and leads to the loss of one's efficiency are important problems. The purpose of this study is to search the frequency of depression and hopelessness and its relations with socio-demographic characteristics among medical students. Materials and Methods This is a cross sectional analytical study. It was conducted 2-4 March 2009 between. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year students from the Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University were included in the study. 236 of a total 330 students (68.5 %) participated in the study. A questionnaire which aims to determine the students’ socio-demographic characteristics, Beck depression inventory and Beck hopelessness scale were applied under observation to the participants. According to the Beck depression inventory, those who scored 17 and over were classified as possible depressive. Data were evaluated statistically. Results The average score of the students according to Beck hopelessness scale was found 5.3±4.6. According to Beck depression inventory 64 of the students (28.3%) were found to be possible depressive. The average Beck hopelessness scale score was higher for possible depressive students compared to the others (p=0.00). Depression scores was higher among the first year students compared to the others (p=0.03), higher among the females compared the males (p=0.02) and higher among dwelling in dorm compared to not dwelling in dorm (p=0.001). When the age of students, monthly income of family, the educational status of the parents were compared with hopelessness and depression rates there was no statistically significant relation. Conclusion As a result, depression rates were high in basic medical students, furthermore hopelessness scores were found high among possible depressive students. Medical students should be given guidance and counseling service. Effective monitoring and prevention programs should be developed in order to lower the possible effects of depression and hopelessness on their future professional lives

Determination of The Relationship Between Hopelessness-Depression Frequency and Socio- Demographic Features in Students of School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University

Aim:Depression and hopelessness, cause impairment in the quality of life and leads to the loss of one's efficiency are important problems. The purpose of this study is to search the frequency of depression and hopelessness and its relations with socio-demographic characteristics among medical students.Materials and Methods:This is a cross sectional analytical study. It was conducted 2-4 March 2009 between. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year students from the Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University were included in the study. 236 of a total 330 students (68.5 %) participated in the study. A questionnaire which aims to determine the students’ socio-demographic characteristics, Beck depression inventory and Beck hopelessness scale were applied under observation to the participants. According to the Beck depression inventory, those who scored 17 and over were classified as possible depressive. Data were evaluated statistically.Results:The average score of the students according to Beck hopelessness scale was found 5.3±4.6. According to Beck depression inventory 64 of the students (28.3%) were found to be possible depressive. The average Beck hopelessness scale score was higher for possible depressive students compared to the others (p=0.00). Depression scores was higher among the first year students compared to the others (p=0.03), higher among the females compared the males (p=0.02) and higher among dwelling in dorm compared to not dwelling in dorm (p=0.001). When the age of students, monthly income of family, the educational status of the parents were compared with hopelessness and depression rates there was no statistically significant relation.Conclusion:As a result, depression rates were high in basic medical students, furthermore hopelessness scores were found high among possible depressive students. Medical students should be given guidance and counseling service. Effective monitoring and prevention programs should be developed in order to lower the possible effects of depression and hopelessness on their future professional lives

The Relationship between School Managers’ Psychological Empowerment Behaviors and Teachers’ Job Satisfaction

Bu çalışma, öğretmenlerin algılarına göre psikolojik güçlendirme ve iş doyumu arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.Araştırmanın örneklemini 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Manisa İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı Sarıgöl ilçesinde bulunan resmi ilköğretim okullarında görev yapan 252 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. İlişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanan araştırmada veriler “Minnesota İş Doyumu Ölçeği” ve “Spreitzer’in Psikolojik Güçlendirme Ölçeği” aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, pearson korelasyon katsayısı ve çoklu regresyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, araştırmaya katılan öğretmenlerin yöneticileri tarafından uygulanan psikolojik güçlendirmeye ilişkin algı puanları en yüksek yetkinlikboyutunda, en düşük ise etki boyutunda çıkmıştır. İş doyumu alt boyutlarında ise öğretmenlerin dışsal doyumlarına yönelik algı puanları içsel doyuma yönelik algı puanlarından daha yüksek bulunmuştur. T testi ve varyans analizleri sonuçlarına göre öğretmenlerin yöneticilerinin uyguladığı psikolojik güçlendirme algıları cinsiyet değişkenine göre etki alt boyutunda, alan değişkenine göre genel güçlendirme ve etki alt boyutunda, kurumda çalışma yılına göre anlam ve yetkinlik alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir. Öğretmenlerin iş doyum düzeyleri ise cinsiyete göre tüm alt boyutlarda, mesleki kıdeme göre dışsal doyum alt boyutunda, kurumda çalışma yılına göre içsel doyum alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir. Öğretmen algılarına göre yöneticiler tarafından uygulanan psikolojik güçlendirme ile öğretmenlerin iş doyumu arasında orta düzeyde ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişki çıkmıştır. Psikolojik güçlendirmenin alt boyutları bir arada düşünüldüğünde öğretmenlerin iş doyumunu anlamlı olarak yordamaktadır.This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction according to teachers' perceptions. The research data were obtained from the questionnaire received from 252 teachers were working in primary education schools in Sarıgöl district depending on the Manisa Province Directorate of National Education. In the research designed in the relational survey model, the data were collected through “Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale” and “Spreitzer's Psychological Empowerment Scale”. To analyze research data arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test, an analysis of one-way varriance (ANOVA), pearson coefficient of correlation, and multiple regression analyzes methods were eused.The study shows that the highest perception scores of the psychological empowerment applied by the principals of the teachers is the competency and the lowest perception is the impact dimension. In the job satisfaction sub-dimensions, the perception scores of the teachers regarding extrinsic satisfaction were found to be higher than the perception scores for intrinsic satisfaction. According to the results of the t test and variance analysis, the psychological empowerment perceptions of the teachers applied by the principals vary significantly in the sub-dimension of the impact according to the gender variable, in the general empowerment and impact sub-dimension according to the branch variable, in the meaning and competence sub-dimensions according to the working year in the institution. Job satisfaction levels of teachers differed significantly in all sub-dimensions according to gender, in extrinsic satisfaction sub-dimension according to professional seniority, in intrinsic satisfaction sub-dimension according to the working year in the institution. According to teachers ' perceptions, a moderate and positive relationship between the psychological empowerment applied by managers and the job satisfaction of teachers has emerged. When the sub-dimensions of psychological empowerment are considered together, it significantly predicts the job satisfaction of the teachers

Kompoziti visoke gustoće na bazi polietilena ojačani toplinski modificiranim drvom

This study investigated the effect of untreated and heat-treated ash and black pine wood flour concentrations on the selected properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. HDPE and wood flour were used as thermoplastic matrix and filler, respectively. The blends of HDPE and wood fl our were compounded using single screw extruder and test samples were prepared through injection molding. Mechanical properties like tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), elongation at break (EatB), fl exural strength (FS), fl exural modulus (FM) and impact strength (IS) of manufactured composites were determined. Wood fl our concentrations have significantly increased density, FS, TM and FM and hardness of composites while reducing TS, EatB and IS. Heat-treated ash and black pine fl our reinforced HDPE composites had higher mechanical properties than untreated ones. Composites showed two main decomposition peaks; one coming from ash wood flour (353-370 °C) and black pine wood fl our (373-376 °C), the second one from HDPE degradation (469-490 °C). SEM images showed improved dispersion of heat-treated ash and black pine wood flour. The obtained results showed that both the untreated and heat-treated ash/black pine wood flour have an important potential in the manufacture of HDPE composites.U radu je opisano istraživanje utjecaja koncentracije drvnog brašna od nemodifi ciranog i toplinski modificiranog drva jasena i crnog bora na odabrana svojstva kompozita visoke gustoće na bazi polietilena (HDPE). HDPE i drvno brašno upotrijebljeni su kao termoplastična matrica i punilo. Mješavine HDPE-a i drvnog brašna pripremljene su uz pomoć ekstrudera s jednim vijkom, a ispitni su uzorci izrađeni injekcijskim prešanjem. Istraživanjem su određena mehanička svojstva proizvedenih kompozita poput vlačne čvrstoće (FS), modula elastičnosti pri vlačnom ispitivanju (FM), istezanja pri lomu (EatB), čvrstoće na svijanje (FS), modula elastičnosti pri tlačnom ispitivanju (FM) i udarne čvrstoće (IS). Koncentracije drvnog brašna značajno su povećale gustoću, tvrdoću, FS, TM i FM, a smanjile TS, EatB i IS. HDPE kompoziti ojačani drvnim brašnom od toplinski modifi ciranog drva jasena i crnog bora imali su bolja mehanička svojstva od kompozita ojačanih drvnim brašnom od nemodifi ciranog drva jasena i crnog bora. Kompoziti su pokazali dva glavna područja razgradnje: prvo, razgradnju drvnog brašna drva ariša (353 – 370 °C) i drvnog brašna drva crnog bora (373 – 376 °C) te, drugo, razgradnju HDPE-a (469 – 490 °C). SEM slike potvrdile su poboljšanu raspodjelu drvnog brašna od toplinski modifi ciranog drva jasena i crnog bora. Rezultati su pokazali da drvno brašno od nemodifi ciranoga i toplinski modifi ciranog drva jasena i crnog bora imaju velik potencijal u proizvodnji HDPE kompozita

The Importance of Use of Computer Technology in Ecological Livestock

Ecological livestock is a production method which allows all kinds of natural behaviors to be shown, fed with ecological feeds, in order to increase efficiency additives are not used, healthier products are offered to consumers, is sensitive to environmental awareness and animal rights. Especially in recent times, livestock sector has been in demand due to significantly increase of demand for ecological products. Main purpose of ecological agriculture is maintaining production optimization in the life chain between soil, plants, animals and humans healthfully. For this purpose, it is necessary that computer technology should be used at every stage of ecological animal husbandry. Although family-run businesses are in the forefront nowadays, computer technology is not utilized sufficiently. Consequently, information cannot be recorded regularly at every stage of breeding by them. Essential automation system is accompanied by record keeping system that is obligatory and necessary for ecological animal husbandry. Utilizing computer technologies will be crucial in terms of effective use of livestock organizations, creation of ecological animal production policies and strategies, and more active involvement in production planning

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF INJECTION-MOLDED FOAMED WHEAT STRAW FILLED HDPE BIOCOMPOSITES: THE EFFECTS OF FILLER LOADING AND COUPLING AGENT CONTENTS

This study investigated the effect of filler loading and coupling agent contents on the densities and mechanical properties of injection-molded foamed biocomposites. Biocomposite pellets were manufactured using wheat straw flour, maleic anhydrite grafted polyethylene (MAPE), paraffin wax, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with an extrusion process. Pellets and the chemical foaming agent (azodicarbonamide) were dry-mixed and foamed in an injection-molding machine. Densities and mechanical properties of the foamed biocomposites samples were measured and analyzed using central composite design (CCD). The results showed that both filler loading and coupling agent contents affected the density and mechanical properties of foamed biocomposites. Densities in the range of 0.57 to 0.81 gr cm-3 were achieved. Best results were obtained when less than 20% wheat straw flour and 1% coupling agent content were used. The flexural modulus and tensile modulus of foamed biocomposites were improved with increasing filler loading. However, flexural strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength values were diminished. The tensile strength of the biocomposites was positively affected by CA contents, but other mechanical properties were not affected by it. Overall, injection molded foamed biocomposites with moderate mechanical properties were produced

Environmental Factors Influencing Birth Weights of Norduz and Karakas Lambs

The aim of this study was to compare birth weights of Norduz and Karakas genotypes and determine the effects of gender, birth type, dam age and genotype on birth weight. The data were composed of a total of 204 (103 Norduz and 101 Karakas) lambs born in 2003 in Van, in located region of the Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The effects of gender (p<0.05), birth type (p<0.05) and dam age (p<0.05) on birth weight were found to be significant, whereas difference among averages of birth weight of breeds was found to be non- significant. As a result, using of birth weight as crucial criterion for early selecting animal is based on determination and elimination of some factors affecting the trait